乌鲁木齐市2015-2019年PM_(2.5)变化特征及来源分析  

Change characteristics and source of PM_(2.5)in Urumqi,2015-2019

作　　者：张莹[1] 马宇熙[1] 张勇[1] 刘芳 沙日吐亚 杨浩峰[1] ZHANG Ying;MA Yu-xi;ZHANG Yong;LIU Fang;SHA Ri-tu-ya;YANG Hao-feng(Urumqi Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830026,China)

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830026

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2021年第11期1081-1084,共4页China Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析乌鲁木齐市2015—2019年空气PM_(2.5)变化特征及来源,为进一步治理空气PM_(2.5)污染提供数据依据。方法收集乌鲁木齐市2015—2019年PM_(2.5)的监测数据,检测2019年米东区PM_(2.5)中金属和类金属元素,并采用富集因子法和因子分析法分析污染来源。结果2015—2019年乌鲁木齐市PM_(2.5)年均浓度中位数分别为42.0、34.0、38.0、31.0、26.0μg/m^(3);Mn的富集因子小于5,Be、Cr、Ni、Tl四种元素的富集因子小于100,Sb、As、Cd、Pb四种元素的富集因子大于100;共解析出3个因子,贡献率分别为57.44%,15.49%和13.29%,累计贡献率86.22%,因子1负荷系数较高的元素是Sb(0.898)、Al(0.856)、As(0.820)、Be(0.815)、Cd(0.744),是冶金工业、建筑及道路尘、燃煤的混合源;因子2负荷系数较高的元素是Cr(0.902)、Pb(0.846)、Mn(0.782)、Cd(0.613),是冶金工业、燃煤、机动车尾气尘的混合源;因子3负荷系数较高的元素是Tl(0.574),是冶金工业、燃煤的混合源。结论2015—2019年乌鲁木齐市空气PM_(2.5)污染水平整体呈下降趋势,表明防治措施有效;2019年米东区PM_(2.5)污染主要来源于化工厂污染排放、燃煤燃烧、建筑工地及路面扬尘、机动车排放,仍需加强管控。Objective To analyze and study the change characteristics and source of PM_(2.5)in Urumqi from 2015-2019,and we provide the direction for PM_(2.5)control and prevention.Methods Data about PM_(2.5)of Urumqi in 2015-2019 were collected,and metals and metal-like elements in PM_(2.5)sampling of Midong district in 2019 were monitored for analyzing.Results The annual average concentrations of PM_(2.5)in Urumqi from 2015 to 2019 were 42.0,34.0,38.0,31.0,26.0μg/m^(3);The enrichment factor of Mn was less than 5,Be,Cr,Ni,Tl were less than 100,Sb,As,Cd,Pb were more than 100;Three factors were analyzed,the contribution rates were 57.44%,15.49%and 13.29%respectively,and the accumulative contribution rate was 86.22%,factor 1 element with a higher load were Sb(0.898),Al(0.856),As(0.820),Be(0.815),Cd(0.744),were mainly from metallurgical industry,construction sites and road dust,coal combustion;and factor 2 element with a higher load were Cr(0.902),Pb(0.846),Mn(0.782),Cd(0.613),were metallurgical industry,coal combustion,automobile exhaust;and factor 3 element with a higher load was Tl(0.574),it indicated that the pollution source were metallurgical industry,coal combustion.Conclusions The levels of PM_(2.5)in Urumqi from 2015 to 2019 were likely to go down gradually.It shows that the control measures are effective.Metallurgical industry,coal combustion,construction sites and road dust,automobile exhaust should be managed strictly to control air pollution in Midong area.

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) 金属元素 富集因子法 因子分析法 来源 

分 类 号：R122.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]