政府绩效生成的复杂性与绩效评估因应  

The Complexity of Government Performance Generation and the Response of Performance Evaluation

作　　者：张红春 ZHANG Hongchun(School of Public Administration,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学公共管理学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《求实》2021年第6期25-40,M0004,共17页Truth Seeking

摘　　要：公共部门及其绩效生成比私人部门更具有复杂性,政府绩效评估工具应用须考量并因应其复杂性特征。然而,长期以来的政府绩效评估实践中却充斥着典型的简单性思维,政府绩效评估与政府绩效生成系统特质的不匹配导致其评估精准性和有效性损失。以复杂性理论提供的本体论、认识论和方法论的认知新范式为研究工具,对政府绩效生产系统中的复杂性特征及其表现进行解析,提出政府绩效评估适应复杂性的变革路径。研究发现,在政府绩效生成环境维度、结构维度、功能维度,广泛分布着多样性、变化性、非线性、整体性的复杂性特征,这构成了政府绩效评估的全新认知哲学基础。为了适应政府绩效生成系统的复杂性,政府绩效评估体系应予重构,用复杂性的评估思维方式、大数据资源和人工智能分析方法全面替代简单性的评估思维、数据与方法。复杂性打开了政府绩效管理与评估的新视域,将促成政府绩效管理与评估的问题界定、体系设计与实践运行的深刻革命,进而引致政府绩效管理与评估的复杂性范式变迁。Compared with the private sector,the public sector and its performance generation are more complex.The application of government performance evaluation tools should consider and respond to its complexity.However,the long-term practice of government performance evaluation is full of typical simple thinking.The mismatch between government performance evaluation and the nature of government performance generation system leads to the loss of evaluation accuracy and effectiveness.With the new cognitive paradigm of ontology,epistemology and methodology provided by complexity theory as the research tool,this paper analyzes the complexity and performance of government performance generation system,and puts forward the transformation path of government performance evaluation to adapt to complexity.It is found that the complexity characteristics of diversity,variability,nonlinearity and unity are widely distributed in the environmental dimension,structural dimension and functional dimension of government performance generation,which constitutes a brand-new cognitive philosophical basis of government performance evaluation.In order to adapt to the complexity of the government performance generation system,the government performance evaluation should be reconstructed.Simple evaluation thinking,data and methods should be replaced by complex evaluation thinking,big data resources and artificial intelligence analysis methods.Complexity has opened a new horizon of government performance management and evaluation,which will lead to a profound revolution in problem definition,system design and practical operation of government performance management and evaluation,further resulting in the change of the complex paradigm of government performance management and evaluation.

关 键 词：政府治理 绩效管理 绩效评估 复杂性 简单性 大数据 人工智能 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]