罗浮山土壤发生特性与系统分类研究  

Genetic Characteristics and Taxonomy of Soils in the Luofu Mountains

作　　者：董玉清 贾重建 卢瑛[1] 唐贤 王超 邱竞驰 DONG Yu-qing;JIA Chong-jian;LU Ying;TANG Xian;WANG Chao;QIU Jing-chi(College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Vocational College of Ecological Engineering,Guangzhou 510520,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642 [2]广东生态工程职业学院,广东广州510520

出　　处：《土壤通报》2021年第5期1009-1019,共11页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：NSFC-广东省人民政府联合基金集成项目(U1901601);国家科技基础性工作专项重点项目(2014FY110200)资助。

摘　　要：为了解我国南亚热带山地土壤的发生特性及其在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,以罗浮山不同海拔高度的10个代表性剖面为研究对象,分析土壤发生特性,确定诊断层和诊断特性,对土壤进行系统分类,并在高级分类单元级别上进行了中国土壤系统分类、美国土壤系统分类和世界土壤资源参比基础之间的参比研究。研究表明:土壤干态色调主要为10YR,质地属壤土大类,粉黏比为0.42~2.62,多数剖面土壤粉黏比小于1.0;土壤酸性强(水浸提pH 3.69~4.94),CEC为4.43~25.68 cmol(+)kg^(-1),盐基饱和度(2.27%~16.25%)低,交换性酸(1.35~6.41 cmol(+)kg^(-1))以交换性Al3+为主,多数土层铝饱和度超过了80%;土壤矿质元素以Si、Al、Fe为主,黏粒硅铝率(Sa)、黏粒硅铁铝率(Saf)均小于2.0,各剖面B层Al、Fe、P、Ti在黏粒中富集明显,Fe富集率稍大于Al;在土壤垂直带谱上,湿润富铁土一般分布于800 m以下,常湿富铁土介于800~1200 m,常湿雏形土在1200 m以上。罗浮山土壤具有明显的脱硅富铁铝化特性,具有有机碳累积明显、酸性强、盐基饱和度低、铝饱和度高等特点;归属为2个土纲、3个亚纲、4个土类和6个亚类。In order to understand the genetic characteristics and taxonomy of soils in south subtropical mountainous areas of China,the genetic characteristics of 10 representative soil profiles at different altitudes in the Luofu Mountains of south China were selected to investigate the physiochemical properties,the diagnosis layers,the diagnosis characteristics and the soil taxonomy based on the Chinese Soil Taxonomy.The results showed that the dry colors of soils were mainly 10 YR,the textures belonged to loam,the ratios of silt to clay were 0.42-2.62 mainly less than 1.0 in most sections.Moreover,soil was highly acidic(pH of water extraction was 3.69-4.94),CEC was 4.43-25.68 cmol(+)kg^(-1),soil base saturation(2.27%-16.25%)was low,exchangeable acid(1.35-6.41 cmol(+)kg^(-1))was dominated by exchangeable Al^(3+),and the saturation of Al in most soil layers was over 80%.The mineral elements in soils were mainly Si,Al and Fe.The values of Sa and Saf in clay were less than 2.0.Meanwhile,Al,Fe,P and Ti in B layer of each profile were enriched obviously in clay,and the Fe enrichment rate was slightly higher than Al.The altitudinal zonation of the soils in this region was consisted of Udic Ferrosols(<800 m),Perudic Ferrosols(800-1200 m),and Perudic Cambosols(>1200 m).The soils in the Luofu Mountains had the characteristics of desilication and Fe and Al enrichment,presenting the properties of obvious organic carbon accumulation,strong acidity,low base saturation and high Al saturation,which were classified into 2 soil orders,3 suborders,4 soil groups and 6 subgroups.

关 键 词：山地土壤 发生特性 系统分类 垂直带谱 罗浮山 

分 类 号：S155.1[农业科学—土壤学]