耕地“非粮化”耕作层破坏诊断标准探讨  

Identification Criteria of Cultivated Horizon Damage for“Non-grain”Cultivated Land

作　　者：郝士横 吴克宁[1] 董秀茹[2] 杨淇钧 高先虎 HAO Shi-heng;WU Ke-ning;DONG Xiu-ru;YANG Qi-jun;GAO Xian-hu(School of Land Science and Technology,China University of Geoscience,Beijing 100083,China;College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院,北京100083 [2]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《土壤通报》2021年第5期1028-1033,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFF0206801)资助。

摘　　要：目前我国尚未设立耕作层破坏认定国家标准,故而设立耕作层破坏认定标准十分迫切。本研究针对耕地"非粮化"现象,根据实用易操作、定性与定量相结合、对照法律与国家标准、因地制宜、理化生指标兼顾五个原则,运用土壤系统分类的诊断思想,拟定了包括耕作层厚度、人为侵入体含量、砾石含量、土壤环境质量、pH、有机质含量、容重、耕层质地、生物多样性、盐渍化程度十项指标的耕地"非粮化"耕作层破坏诊断标准。探讨了耕地"非粮化"耕作层破坏诊断标准的设立,并提出建立耕地破坏信用制度、考虑被破坏耕地的等别、开展试点工作、成立专门的鉴定机构、积极引导农户、完善种粮补贴政策等建议。Food and energy security is an important part of"six stability and six guarantees".At present,China has not yet set up a standard to identify the damage of cultivated horizon.However,excessive"non-grain"use of cultivated land is not conducive to the food and energy security,so it is very urgent to establish a standard to identify the damage of cultivated horizon.This study aims at the phenomenon of"non-grain"of cultivated land,and conducts research based on five principles:practical and easy to operate,combining qualitative and quantitative,comparing laws and national standards,adapting measures to local conditions,and comprehensive application of physical,chemical and biological indicators.This study uses the diagnostic thinking of soil taxonomy to formulate the identification criteria of cultivated horizon damage for"non-grain"cultivated land.The identification criteria include ten indicators:the thickness of cultivated layer,man-made intrusions content,gravel content,soil environmental quality,pH,organic matter content,bulk density,texture of cultivated horizon,biodiversity,and degree of salinization.This study discusses the establishment of the identification criteria of cultivated horizon damage for"non-grain"cultivated land.In addition,this study proposes to establish a credit system for cultivated land damage,consider the grade of damaged cultivated land,carry out pilot work,establish a special appraisal agency,actively guide farmers,and improve grain subsidy policies.

关 键 词：耕作层 非粮化 诊断标准 耕地破坏 土壤系统分类 

分 类 号：F301.21[经济管理—产业经济]