21种化学药剂对新疆棉田主要害虫毒力及对多异瓢虫的安全性  

Toxicities of 21 pesticides against major cotton insect pests and their safety to variegated ladybird Hippodamia variegata in Xinjiang

作　　者：黄庆超 戴长春 张建萍[2] 陈静[2] 陆宴辉[1] Huang Qingchao;Dai Changchun;Zhang Jianping;Chen Jing;Lu Yanhui(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Key Laboratory for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Resource Utilization at Universities Level of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China;College of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,Heilongjiang Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]石河子大学农学院,新疆绿洲农业病虫害治理与植保资源利用重点实验室,石河子832003 [3]东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2021年第5期1114-1124,共11页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201900);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-15-19)。

摘　　要：为明确现阶段棉田常用化学杀虫剂对新疆维吾尔自治区(简称新疆)棉花主要害虫的毒力以及对新疆本地优势天敌多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata的安全性,于室内分别测定当前21种棉田常用化学药剂对新疆棉田3种主要害虫棉蚜Aphis gossypii、截形叶螨Etranychus truncatus和棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera以及优势天敌多异瓢虫的毒力,比较不同药剂对各种害虫和天敌的相对毒力指数以及益害毒性比。结果表明,药剂处理24 h后,10种蚜虫防治药剂对棉蚜成蚜的半致死浓度LC50由高到低依次为氟啶虫胺腈、啶虫脒、吡虫啉、环氧虫啶、噻虫嗪、丁硫克百威、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺、螺虫乙酯和吡蚜酮,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有氟啶虫胺腈和螺虫乙酯;5种叶螨防治药剂对截形叶螨成螨的LC50从高到低依次为阿维菌素、哒螨灵、四螨嗪、噻螨酮和炔螨特,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有四螨嗪、噻螨酮和阿维菌素;6种鳞翅目害虫幼虫防治药剂对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的LC50由高到低顺次为甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(简称甲维盐)、氯虫苯甲酰胺、茚虫威、灭多威、毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺。综合上述2个方面结果,氟啶虫胺腈、阿维菌素、甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺不仅对棉花害虫毒力效果强,而且对有益天敌安全性高。In order to clarify the indoor toxicities of chemical insecticides commonly used in cotton fields against the main pests of cotton and the dominant natural enemy,Hippodamia variegata,in Xinjiang cotton fields,21 pesticides were tested against three major cotton pests in Xinjiang(adults of Aphis gossypii,adults of Etranychus truncates,3rd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera)and the 3rd instar larvae and adults of H.variegata.The relative toxicity indexes and ratios of pesticides were compared among different pests and pest-natural enemy combinations.The results showed that the toxicities(LC50)of ten pesticides against the cotton aphid from high to low were sulfoxaflor,acetamiprid,imidacloprid,cycloxaprid,thiamethoxam,carbosulfan,nitenpyram,dinotefuran,spirotetramat,and pymetrozine after 24 h.Among them,sulfoxaflor and spirotetramat had higher toxicity ratios.The toxicities(LC50)of five pesticides against E.truncatus from high to low were abamectin,pyridaben,clofentezine,hexythiazox,propargite.The pesticides with higher toxicity ratios were clofentezine,hexythiazox and abamectin.The LC50 values of six pesticides against H.armigera from high to low were emamectin benzoate,chlorantraniliprole,indoxacarb,methomyl,chlorpyrifos,and beta-cypermethrin.Emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole had higher toxicity ratios.In conclusion,this study revealed the higher toxicity of sulfoxaflor,abamectin,emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole,and their higher safety to beneficial natural enemies.

关 键 词：化学药剂 棉花害虫 毒力 安全性 绿色防控 棉蚜 截形叶螨 棉铃虫 多异瓢虫 

分 类 号：S435.622[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]