高空条件下喷水冷却对压气机性能的影响  

The Effect of Spray Water Cooling on Compressor Performance at High Altitude

作　　者：崔凯 闫志男 胡锡文 夏国正 邓庆锋 Kai Cui;Zhi-nan Yan;Xi-wen Hu;Guo-zheng Xia;Qing-feng Deng(China Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation Ltd;No.703 Research Institute of CSSC)

机构地区：[1]中国核电工程有限公司北京核化工研究设计院 [2]中国船舶集团第703研究所

出　　处：《风机技术》2021年第5期38-44,I0007,共8页Chinese Journal of Turbomachinery

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(编号:LH2020E0);。

摘　　要：为进一步适应高超声速飞行器的动力需求,根据现有燃气轮机循环特性,通过降低涡轮发动机压气机中的气流温度,提升发动机总体性能以适应更高的飞行速度。本文基于两相流动模型,根据进气道总压恢复系数,计算经验公式,求得高马赫数下压气机进口条件,通过模化理论对高空条件下的喷水冷却湿压缩过程进行了数值分析,探索了两相流动对压气机的内部流场及其性能的影响。研究表明:对于同一燃气轮机,通过喷水冷却,可以有效控制压气机压缩过程的温度升高,在25km高空以3.5Mach飞行时温度下降最高可达100K。喷水会改变压气机内部流场。对比发现,喷水后压气机动叶内的激波后移,激波后动叶叶背分离加大,同时由于离心力作用水滴集中在叶尖处,这引起了更大径向分布不均匀性。模拟结果表明,越小的喷雾直径,其湿压缩效果更好。To further improve the power requirements of hypersonic aircraft,according to the existing gas turbine cycle characteristics,the overall performance of the engine can be improved to adapt to higher flight speed by reducing the airflow temperature in the compressor of the turbine engine.Based on the two-phase flow model,the inlet conditions of the compressor at high Mach number were obtained according to the empirical formula of the total pressure recovery coefficient of the air-inlet.The wet compression process of the water-jet cooling at high altitude was numerically analyzed by means of the modeling theory.The influence of two-phase flow on the internal flow field and performance of the compressor was explored.The research shows that for the same gas turbine,the temperature rise during compressor compression can be effectively controlled by water spraying cooling,and the temperature drop can reach up to 100K when flying at a height of 25km at 3.5Mach.Water spraying will change the flow field inside the compressor.By comparison,it is found that after water spraying,the shock wave in the maneuverable blade moves backward,and the separation at the back of the rotor blade increases after the shock wave.At the same time,due to the centrifugal force,the water droplets concentrate at the tip of the blade,which leads to greater radial distribution inhomogeneity.Simulation results show that the smaller the spray diameter is,the better the wet compression effect is.

关 键 词：湿压缩 喷水冷却 两相流 激波 模化理论 

分 类 号：TH45[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]