威廉·雷迪如何解读情感的历史变化及其意义  

How William Reddy Interprets the Historical Change of Emotions and Its Significance

作　　者：孙一萍[1] SUN Yiping(School of History and Culture,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史文化学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《安徽史学》2021年第6期93-99,共7页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：为了解释情感如何随着时间而变化,雷迪提出情感表达(emotives)理论,并将之应用于法国大革命史研究。情感表达理论把情感纳入历史学的考察视野,引导学界关注情感在社会与政治生活中发挥作用的路径,强调情感表达是一种情感经营,情感真挚只是表达情感的一种“技巧”与方式。雷迪以“情感主义”为切入点,清晰勾勒出大革命前后法国人的情感变化过程。大革命前几十年的法国,人们的情感过度外露,无条件地尊崇情感真挚,使情感成为政治斗争的工具。革命者与反革命者都以指责对方不真挚来加强自身的合法性,导致革命越来越激进直至恐怖政策的实施。罗伯斯庇尔倒台之后,尤其是拿破仑时代,情感重新被视为属于女性的、私人的、家庭的领域,并最终被逐出公共生活。雷迪有关“情感主义”兴衰的研究,强调情感变化背后的历史意义,开启了以往完全被忽视的研究领域,丰富并深化了对大革命前后法国历史的认识。In order to explain how emotions change over time,William Reddy put forward the theory of emotives and applied it to study the history of The French Revolution.The theory of emotives makes all kinds of emotions an important element for historical studies and guides historians to pay attention to the role that emotions play in social and political life.It emphasizes that expression of emotions is a kind of emotional management,and the sincerity of emotions is only a sort of“skill”and a way of expressing emotions.Reddy takes the history of Sentimentalism as his starting point and what he researches clearly outlines the process of changes of emotions before and after The French Revolution.During the decades before the Revolution,people’s emotions were overexposed,and what’s more,unconditionally respect the sincerity of emotional expression.As a result,emotions were taken as weapons for political struggle.Both revolutionaries and anti-revolutionaries managed to legitimize itself by accusing the other side of lacking of emotional sincerity,which has led the Revolution more and more radical so as to the implementation of terror policies.But after the fall of Robespierre,especially in Napoleon era,emotions were reconsidered to belong to female,private,and family domain,and were eventually expelled from the public life.Reddy’s research of the rise and fall of“sentimentalism”,which emphasizes the historical significance behind the emotional changes,opens the brand-new research fields that have been so far completely ignored,which not only enriches but also deepens our understanding of the history before and after The French Revolution.

关 键 词：威廉·雷迪 情感表达 情感史 法国大革命 

分 类 号：K565.8[历史地理—历史学]