喷施矮壮素对蒌蒿产量、品质及氮素利用特征的影响  

Effects of Foliar Spraying Chlormequat Chloride on Yield,Quality and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Artemisia selengensis Turcz.

作　　者：郑丹[1] 王晓燕 彭西甜[1] 周有祥[1] 张隽娴 夏虹[1] 夏珍珍[1] ZHENG Dan;WANG Xiaoyan;PENG Xitian;ZHOU Youxiang;ZHANG Junxian;XIA Hong;XIA Zhenzhen(Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Laboratory of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products(Wuhan),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hubei Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro products,Wuhan 430064,Hubei,China;Tuanfeng Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau,Huanggang 438000,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(武汉),农产品营养品质与安全湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430064 [2]团风县农业农村局,湖北黄冈438000

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2021年第11期61-68,共8页China Vegetables

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22004030);湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2020CFB461);农业农村部风险评估重大专项(GJFP2019039);湖北省农业科学院青年基金项目(2019NKY11)。

摘　　要：矮壮素(CCC)作为植物生长调节剂被广泛应用于蔬菜生产,为探究其在特色水生蔬菜蒌蒿上的使用效果及安全性,本试验采用大田试验方法,设置4个矮壮素浓度水平(0、150、300、450 mg · L^(-1)),研究矮壮素在蒌蒿上的消解规律以及对蒌蒿产量、品质和氮素利用特征的影响。结果表明:矮壮素在蒌蒿上的降解规律符合一级动力学方程,其在茎秆中的半衰期仅为6.9~9.1 d,降解速率明显大于叶片。苗期喷施不同浓度矮壮素处理,采收期所有茎秆均安全合格,但叶片除低浓度(150 mg · L^(-1))处理外矮壮素残留量均超标。随着矮壮素施用浓度的增加,蒌蒿叶片叶绿素含量和茎秆可溶性糖含量逐渐增加,植株矮化程度加剧,但产量、氮素表观利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学利用效率均呈下降趋势。低浓度(150 mg ·L^(-1))矮壮素处理对采收期的蒌蒿植株矮化作用不显著,单株茎鲜质量和叶鲜质量分别为57.5 g和45.0 g,产量较不喷施矮壮素处理提高了13.5%,氮肥农学利用效率提高了49.4%。综上,低浓度(150 mg · L^(-1))矮壮素在食茎类蔬菜蒌蒿的种植过程中可以安全使用。Chlormequat chloride(CCC),as a plant growth regulator has been widely used in vegetable production.In order to investigate the using effect and safety of CCC on acquatic vegetable Artemisia selengensis Turcz.,this experiment adopted field trial method,set 4 levels of CCC concentration(0,150,300,450 mg·L^(-1))and studied the effects of CCC on dissipation rule of Artemisia selengensis Turcz.,and its yield,quality and nitrogen utilization characters.The results showed that the degradation rule of CCC on Artemisia selengensis Turcz.was in accordance with the first-order kinetics equation.Its half-life period in stem was only 6.9-9.1 days.The degradation rate was significantly greater than leaves.After foliar spraying in the seedling period,all harvested stems were safe inspection.But in leaves,CCC residues all exceed the standard,except those treated with low concentration(150 mg·L^(-1)).As the spraying CCC concentration increased,the content of chlorophll in leaves and soluble sugar content in stems were gradually increased,and the dwarf degree of plant was intensified.But,its yield,apparent using efficiency of nitrogen,nitrogen partial productivity,nitrogen agronomic efficiency all showed a downtrend.Low CCC concentration(150 mg·L^(-1))treatment had insignificant effect on dwarf of Artemisia selengensis Turcz.plant.The single plant stem weight and single plant leaf weight were 57.5 g and 45.0 g,respectively.Compaired with the treatment without spraying CCC,the yield of Artemisia selengensis Turcz.was increased by 13.5%and nitrogen agronomic efficiency was increased by 49.9%.To sum up,low CCC concentration(150 mg·L^(-1))could be applied safely during the planting process of Artemisia selengensis Turcz.

关 键 词：蒌蒿 矮壮素 消解规律 产量 品质 氮素利用 

分 类 号：S645.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]