仿生水凝胶在软骨组织工程应用中的优势与潜力  

Advantages and potential of bionic hydrogels in cartilage tissue engineering

作　　者：侯钰熙 张然 武秀萍[1] 张清梅 李冰[1] Hou Yuxi;Zhang Ran;Wu Xiuping;Zhang Qingmei;Li Bing(School and Hospital of Stomatology,Shanxi Medical University,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Oral Diseases and New Materials,Taiyuan 030001,Shanxi Province,China;Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024,Shanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,口腔疾病防治与新材料山西省重点实验室,山西省太原市030001 [2]太原科技大学,山西省太原市030024

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2022年第34期5569-5576,共8页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(HGKY2019-055),项目负责人:李冰;山西省教育厅研究生教育创新计划项目(2019SY280),项目负责人:武秀萍;山西省科技攻关项目(201803D31065),项目负责人:武秀萍。

摘　　要：背景:水凝胶是一类有弹性的生物材料,表面光滑,含水量高,有望成为软骨再生的候选材料。目的:文章综述了仿生水凝胶在软骨组织工程中的最新研究成果和进展。方法:由第一作者检索Web of Science和PubM ed数据库1986-2021年发表的文献,英文检索词为"hydrogel,cartilage regeneration,cartilage defect,cartilage tissue engineering"。初检文献3665篇,筛选后对86篇文献进行分析总结。结果与结论:(1)用于合成仿生水凝胶的天然聚合物包括蛋白质基材料(如明胶、胶原蛋白和丝素蛋白等)和多糖材料(如透明质酸、壳聚糖和藻酸盐等),合成聚合物包括聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚乳酸、聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物等,这些材料具有各自的优缺点,通过交联这一方式可以使合成仿生水凝胶在具备更多的优势同时规避一些原材料的不足。(2)当前阶段已研究的仿生水凝胶材料各有优劣,例如通过紫外光交联的硫酸软骨素-聚乙二醇材料具有一定的抗炎特性,也可促进软骨组织再生,然而其促进软骨细胞的增殖和成熟能力有待加强;通过紫外光交联合成的明胶-羟基磷灰石材料细胞接种效率高,生物相容性较好,但是尚未有实验将人骨髓间充质干细胞接种于其上并进行实验观察,实验环境复杂性不足且观测周期较短,仍需进一步验证;酶促交联合成的聚乙二醇-二甲基丙烯酸能促进软骨基质形成,压缩模量变化范围大,然而其在改善软骨基质形成过程中也存在相应副反应。(3)因此,仿生水凝胶是软骨组织工程中具有较大优越性及应用潜力的新材料,目前仍然未出现较为完美的可应用于临床治疗软骨缺损的仿生水凝胶材料,未来还需进一步研究出性能更加完备的仿生水凝胶材料。BACKGROUND:Hydrogels are a kind of elastic biomaterials with smooth surfaces and high water contents,which are expected to be candidates for cartilage regeneration.OBJECTIVE:To review the latest research achievements and the progress of bionic hydrogels in cartilage tissue engineering.METHODS:Articles published between 1986 and 2021 in the Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched by the first author with the key words"hydrogel,cartilage regeneration,cartilage defect,cartilage tissue engineering".A total of 3665 articles were primarily examined,and 86 articles were analyzed and summarized after screening.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Bionic hydrogel is used for synthesizing biomimetic natural polymer hydrogels,including protein-based materials(such as gelatin,collagen and silk fibroin)and polysaccharide materials(such as hyaluronic acid,chitosan and alginate).Synthetic polymers contain poly(vinyl alcohol),polyethylene glycol,polylactic acid and poly lactide-glycolide copolymer.These materials have their own advantages and disadvantages.Through crosslinking,bionic hydrogels can be synthesized with more advantages,avoiding the shortage of some raw materials.(2)At the present stage,the bionic hydrogel materials studied have their own advantages and disadvantages.For example,the ultraviolet crosslinked chondroitin sulfate and polyethylene glycol material has certain anti-inflammatory properties and can also promote cartilage tissue regeneration,but its ability to promote the proliferation and maturation of chondrocytes needs to be strengthened.The gelatin-hydroxyapatite material prepared by ultraviolet crosslinking has high cell inoculation efficiency and excellent biocompatibility.However,no experiments have been performed to inoculated human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on it for experimental observation,and the experimental environment is not complex enough and the observation period is short,which still needs further verification.Polyethylene glycol-dimethacrylic acid can promote the formation of cartil

关 键 词：水凝胶 仿生 软骨缺损 组织工程 交联 机械性能 生物特性 原料 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R364[医药卫生—临床医学]