中亚热带绿化植物滞留颗粒物效应  

Effects of Particulate Matter Retention by Common Green Plants in Central Tropical Asia

作　　者：李巧云[1,2] 黄雅奇 刘艳 王玲[1,2] 张娟 宋胤[1,2] 吴林世 李建挥 廖菊阳 LI Qiao-yun;HUANG Ya-qi;LIU Yan;WANG Ling;ZHANG Juan;SONG Yin;WU Lin-shi;LI Jian-hui;LIAO Ju-yang(Hunan Forest Botanical Garden,Changsha 410116,Hunan,China;Hunan Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Metropolitan National Reasearch Station of Forest Ecosystem,Changsha 410116,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省森林植物园,湖南长沙410116 [2]湖南长株潭城市群森林生态系统定位观测研究站,湖南长沙410116

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2021年第6期79-84,共6页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范资金(【2020】XT05号);湖南省林业科技创新专项(XLK201942)。

摘　　要：为了探究中亚热带地区绿化植物滞留空气颗粒物的能力,选取8种绿化树种,利用空气气溶胶再发生器(QRJZFSQ-Ⅱ)和便携式叶面积仪(LI-3000C)测定不同树种单位叶面积对空气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、PM1的滞留量。结果表明:1)8种绿化植物单位叶面积对不同粒径颗粒物的滞纳量存在较大差异,南天竺、观音草和麦冬单位叶面积颗粒物滞留量较大,桂花、香樟、红花檵木和小叶女贞滞留量中等,广玉兰滞留量较小。2)供试植物叶片滞留的颗粒物以PM_(10)为主,占TSP组分的34.27%~78.58%;PM_(2.5)次之,占TSP组分的9.8%~35.78%;PM1最小,占TSP组分的0.88%~13.63%。3)不同生活型的植物单位面积滞留TSP、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)量存在显著差异,灌木与草本植物单位叶面积TSP、PM_(10)滞留量平均值均大于乔木,其中草本TSP滞留量的平均值比乔木高出65%,PM_(10)滞留量的平均值比乔木高出73%。4)广玉兰叶片的蜡质结构不利于大粒径颗粒物的滞留。植物叶表面的瘤状或条状突起形成的沟槽沟壑的粗糙表面有利于颗粒物滞留,如麦冬对TSP、PM_(10)滞留量最大,分别为9.62 g·m^(-2)和7.47 g·m^(-2)。Plants can block atmospheric particles and improve environmental pollution.In order to study the capacities of catching airborne particles,eight commonly occurring plant species were chosen.Air aerosol generator(QRJZFSQ-Ⅱ)and portable leaf area meter(LI-3000C)were used to systematically analyze the retention of total suspended particulate matter(TSP),PM_(10),PM_(2.5) and PM1 in unit leaf area of different species.The results showed that 1)there were significant differences in retention amount per unit leaf area of particulates with different diameters among 8 species tested.Plant species with high retention amount were Nandina domestica,Peristrophe baphica and Ophiopogon japonicus,those with moderate retention amount were Osmanthus fragrans,Cinnamomum camphora,Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum and Ligustrum quihoui,and that with low amount was Magnolia grandiflora.2)PM_(10) was the main particle in the leaves of tested plants,accounting for 34.27%-78.58%of TSP,PM_(2.5) was the second,accounting for 9.8%-35.78%of TSP,PM1was the smallest,accounting for 0.88%-13.63%of TSP.3)There were significant differences in the retention amounts per unit leaf area of TSP,PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) among those with different life forms(P<0.05).The average values of the retention amounts of TSP and PM_(10) of shrubs and herbs were higher than those of trees.The average values of TSP of herbs were 65%higher than those of trees,and the average values of PM_(10) of herbs were 73%higher than those of trees.4)The wax structure of Magnolia grandiflora leaves was not conducive to the retention of particles,which resulted the worst retention effect of large diameter particles in the tested plants.The rough surface of grooves formed by knotted or strip protrusions of plant leaves was conducive to the retention of particles.Ophiopogon japonicusin presented the maximum retention amounts of TSP(9.62 g·m^(-2))and PM_(10)(7.47 g·m^(-2)).

关 键 词：植物叶片 粒径 颗粒物 滞留 叶面微结构 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]