车用柴油机噪声特性试验与噪声源识别分析  

Noise Characteristic Test and Noise Source Identification Analysis of Vehicle Diesel Engine

作　　者：瞿磊 谢纬安 施蒋彬 樊登柱[1] QU Lei;XIE Weian;SHI Jiangbin;FAN Dengzhu(School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering,Nantong Vocational University,Jiangsu Nantong 226007)

机构地区：[1]南通职业大学汽车与交通工程学院,江苏南通226007

出　　处：《汽车实用技术》2021年第22期108-112,共5页Automobile Applied Technology

基　　金：南通市市级科技计划项目(JC2021166),江苏高校“青蓝工程”资助。

摘　　要：为识别某车用柴油机的主要噪声源,采用准工程9点测量法,测量了柴油机的整机噪声水平。根据测试结果,采用近场声压级法,对噪声较高的部位进行零部件近场噪声测量,从而探究柴油机的主要噪声源,并通过频谱分析进一步阐明主要噪声源的形成机理。结果表明:柴油机标定工况、最大扭矩工况及怠速工况的声功率级分别为109.4 dB(A)、103.4 dB(A)、87.8 dB(A);柴油机的主要辐射噪声源来源于燃油泵、油底壳、空气滤清器、曲轴皮带轮等零部件。燃油泵与油底壳的近场噪声在频率63 Hz、125 Hz附近出现噪声峰值,与曲轴在标定转速下的固有频率、柴油机的着火频率等相一致。空气滤清器的近场噪声在频率为120 Hz〜125 Hz、315 Hz附近存在明显峰位,与周期性压力脉动及气柱共振频率相一致。In order to identify the main noise sources of a vehicle diesel engine,the quasi engineering 9-point measurement method was used to measure the noise level of diesel engine.According to the test results,the near-field sound pressure level method was used to measure the near-field noise of the parts with high noise,which can explore the main noise sources of the diesel engine.Through the spectrum analysis,the formation mechanism of the main noise sources was clarified.The results show that the sound power level of diesel engine under calibration condition,maximum torque condition and idle speed condition are 109.4 dB(A),103.4 dB(A)and 87.8 dB(A)respectively.The main radiation noise sources of diesel engine are fuel pump,oil pan,air filter and crankshaft pulley.The near-field noise of fuel pump and oil pan have a peak value near 63 Hz and 125 Hz,it is consistent with the natural frequency of crankshaft at the rated speed and the ignition frequency of diesel engine.The near-field noise of air filter has a peak value at the frequency of 120 Hz~125 Hz,315 Hz it is consistent with periodic pressure fluctuation and gas column resonance frequency.

关 键 词：柴油机 辐射噪声 声功率级 频率 

分 类 号：U262.11[机械工程—车辆工程]