潼湖湿地土壤重金属污染现状及生态风险评价  

The Present Pollution Situation and the Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil of Tonghu Wetland

作　　者：刘德浩[1] 廖文莉[1] 陈智涛[1] 阳艳萍[1] 吴宝宏 舒夏竺[1] 邓仿东 LIU Dehao;LIAO Wenli;CHEN Zhitao;YANG Yanping;WU Baohong;SHU Xiazhu;DENG Fangdong(Huizhou Institute of Forestry,Huizhou,Guangdong516001,China)

机构地区：[1]惠州市林业科学研究所,广东惠州516001

出　　处：《林业与环境科学》2021年第5期61-68,共8页Forestry and Environmental Science

基　　金：惠州市科技计划项目(2020SC0205014)。

摘　　要：潼湖湿地是东江二、三级水系,是重要的农业生产基地,由于工业开发等人类活动,湿地土壤受到不同程度的影响。为了探究潼湖湿地表层(0~15 cm)土壤重金属污染现状,在潼湖湿地范围内采集18个土壤样品,测定样品中汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、铜(Cu)、钴(Co)、铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)等10种重金属的含量特征,采用潜在生态风险指数法进行污染评价。结果表明:(1)潼湖湿地表层土壤内10种重金属富集系数表现为Cd>Zn>Cu>Hg>Ni>Cr>As>Pb>Co>Mn,Cd含量平均值分别是国家土壤环境质量标准和广东省土壤环境背景值的5.05倍、29.71倍。(2)潼湖湿地总体上属于很强—极强污染,其中潜在生态风险最大的是Cd元素,属于极强污染风险;其次是Hg元素,属于强污染风险,其余8种重金属元素属于轻微污染风险。(3)总体来看,受周围农场、养殖场、工厂等污染源影响,潼湖湿地综合潜在生态风险指数达到很高生态风险水平。Tonghu wetland is not only the second and third grade water system of Dongjiang River but also an important agricultural production base.However,the wetland soil was affected to varying degrees because of human activities such as industrial development.In order to assess heavy metal pollution of surface soil(0-15cm),18 soil samples were collected.The content of 10 heavy metals including mercury(Hg),cadmium(Cd),arsenic(As),nickel(Ni),lead(Pb),copper(Cu),cobalt(Co),chromium(Cr),manganese(Mn)and zinc(Zn)were determined to evaluate the pollution using potential ecological risk index method.The results showed that:(1)The coefficient of 10 heavy metal accumulation in the surface soil was in the sequence of Cd>Zn>Cu>Hg>Ni>Cr>As>Pb>Co>Mn,then the average content of Cd was respectively 5.05 times of the national soil environmental quality standard and 29.71 times of the soil background value in Guangdong Province.(2)Tonghu wetland generally belonged to very high pollution,with the highest potential ecological risk of Cd which belonged to very strong pollution,followed by Hg which belonged to strong pollution,and the rest eight heavy metal elements belonged to light pollution.(3)Generally,the comprehensive potential ecological risk index of Tonghu wetland had reached a very strong ecological risk level due to the influence of surrounding pollution sources such asfarms,factories,etc.

关 键 词：湿地 重金属 生态风险评价 潼湖 

分 类 号：S714.5[农业科学—林学]