秩序主导、内部纷争与美国联盟体系转型  

Order Dominance,Intra-Alliance Division and the Transformation of U.S. Alliance System

作　　者：刘丰 LIU Feng

机构地区：[1]清华大学国际关系学系,北京100084

出　　处：《外交评论（外交学院学报）》2021年第6期23-44,I0002,共23页Foreign Affairs Review

摘　　要：美国在全球范围内维持着一个庞大的联盟体系,发挥着安全互助、战略协调和秩序维持的功能,而维持美国主导的霸权秩序是美国不断推动联盟体系升级、调整和转型的核心目标。在秩序转型背景下,美国试图推动亚太联盟体系朝着应对大国战略竞争这一战略目标发展,因此根据不同议题构建多样的盟友和安全伙伴网络,在彼此并没有安全义务的盟友之间增强协调与合作,并且扩大了联盟体系的任务范围。但与此同时,联盟内部纷争的凸显,也对美国维持秩序稳定性和延续性的努力构成挑战,增加了秩序维持的成本,导致合法性权威流失,也造成美国主导秩序内部的核心支持者在各自关切议题上与其保持距离。伴随地区权力格局和国内政治状况的发展,美国与特定盟友之间的亲疏远近存在差异,也在支持、追随、疏远和排斥等选择之间波动和摇摆。当美国政府对国际秩序持较强的修正主义态度、追求绝对主导和奉行霸权利益至上,因而难以反映国际力量对比的动态变化和秩序内成员的利益诉求时,盟友对其主导秩序的排斥和疏远倾向会上升。相反,当美国在较大程度上包容盟友的利益诉求时,盟友对其主导秩序会表现出较强的支持和追随倾向。美国全球战略与联盟体系内部动力之间的动态变化是观察国际秩序走向的重要变量。The U.S.maintains a large alliance system globally,performing the functions of mutual security assistance,strategic coordination and order maintenance.To maintain a U.S.-hegemonic order,a core objective of its global strategy,U.S.continuously promotes the upgrading and transformation of the alliance system.In the context of order transition,the U.S.attempts to adjust the Asia-Pacific alliance system around the strategic goal of responding to great-power strategic competition,and therefore builds a diverse network of allies and security partners.At the same time,however,the prominence of intra-alliance division has imposed restrictions on U.S.efforts to maintain the hegemonic order.As regional distribution of power and domestic political conditions evolve,different choices including support,bandwagoning,alienation,or even rejection,may be preferred by various U.S.allies.When U.S.takes a more revisionist approach to the international order,many allies tend to reject and alienate from its dominance.On the contrary,when U.S.returns to multilateral approaches and accommodates the interests of its allies to a greater extent,they will show a stronger tendency to support and follow its hegemonic order.The interplay between U.S.global strategy and the intra-alliance dynamics provides an important angle to observe the ongoing international order transition.

关 键 词：美国联盟体系 联盟内部纷争 国际秩序 大国战略 竞争 亚太联盟体系 安全伙伴网络 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]