老年社会性发展水平及社区满足情况调查  

Research on the Aged Social Development and Its Supply in Community

作　　者：王益富[1] 郭存 WANG Yi-fu;GUO Cun(School of Educational Sciences,Huaiyin Normal University,Huai'an 223300,China)

机构地区：[1]淮阴师范学院教育科学学院,江苏淮安223300

出　　处：《社区医学杂志》2021年第18期1136-1139,共4页Journal Of Community Medicine

基　　金：2018年度江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重点项目(2018SJZDI029)。

摘　　要：目的了解老年人社会性发展的水平,以及社区对老年社会性发展需求的供给与满足情况。方法2019-12-25-2020-02-20应用自行设计的调查问卷,选取江苏省徐州、宿迁、连云港、盐城、淮安、南京、苏州、常州、无锡及扬州10个地级市,具有代表性的城市与农村社区内共314名老年人进行访谈调查。运用t检验、方差分析、相关分析和多元回归分析等方法对数据进行统计学分析。结果老年人社会性发展水平的不同方面均存在人口统计学差异,其中,参与社会活动在年龄(t=2.07,P=0.038)、子女陪伴(t=2.35,P=0.019)、身体健康程度(t=3.43,P<0.001)及居住地(t=3.71,P<0.001)方面差异有统计学意义;人际交往在性别方面差异有统计学意义,t=-2.77,P=0.006;休闲娱乐在居住地(t=6.59,P<0.001)、健康情况(t=4.43,P<0.001)、子女陪伴(t=2.15,P=0.032)以及婚姻状态(F=3.17,P=0.043)方面差异有统计学意义;积极情感体验在居住地(t=4.05,P<0.001)、健康情况(t=4.74,P<0.001)及子女陪伴(t=5.71,P<0.001)方面差异有统计学意义。多元回归分析结果显示,积极情感体验、社会发展目标、休闲娱乐和人际交往都可以显著预测老年人的社会活动参与水平,均P<0.001。社区对老年人社会性发展需求的总体供给水平较低,具体体现在服务项目数量不足、种类较少以及老年人参与程度不高等方面。结论老年社会性发展水平总体水平不够高,社区对老年社会性发展需求的供给不足。Objective To explore the aged social development and its supply in community.Methods From December 25,2019 to February 20,2020,314 elderly people from 10 prefecture-level cities of Jiangsu Province,including Xuzhou,Suqian,Lianyungang,Yancheng,Huai’an,Nanjing,Suzhou,Changzhou,Wuxi and Yangzhou,were selected to conduct an interview survey with self-designed questionnaires.T-test,analysis of variance,correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used for statistical analysis of the data.Results There were demographic differences in different aspects of the social development intention of the elderly.Among them,the scores of elderly people participating in social activities were statistically different in age(t=2.07,P=0.038),children’s company(t=2.35,P=0.019),physical health degree(t=3.43,P<0.001)and residence(t=3.71,P<0.001).The scores of interpersonal communication were statistically different in gender(t=-2.77,P=0.006).The scores of leisure and recreation were statistically different in the areas of residence(t=6.59,P<0.001),health status(t=4.43,P<0.001),accompanied by children(t=2.15,P=0.032)and marital status(F=3.17,P=0.043).The scores of positive affection experience were statistically different in residence(t=4.05,P<0.001),health status(t=4.74,P<0.001)and children’s company(t=5.71,P<0.001).Positive affection experience,social development goal,leisure and recreational and interpersonal communication could significantly predict the level of social activity participation of the elderly(P<0.001).The overall supply for the social development demand of the elderly in community is relatively low,which is reflected in the insufficient number of service projects,less types and low participation of the elderly.Conclusion The overall social development of the elderly is below the medium level,and the supply of social development needs for the elderly in community is insufficient.

关 键 词：社会性发展 社会参与 社区供给 老年人 

分 类 号：R197.1[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]