模拟砷污染湖滨湿地水位变化和水体扰动对狭叶香蒲积累转运砷的影响  

Effect of water level fluctuations and wave disturbances on arsenic accumulation and transport of Typha angustifolia L.in simulated arsenic polluted lakeside wetland

作　　者：王玉莹 杨桂英[1] 呼唤 李丹蕾 刘云根[1] WANG Yu-ying;YANG Gui-ying;HU Huan;LI Dan-lei;LIU Yun-gen(College of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《云南大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第6期1264-1272,共9页Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：云南省基础研究计划(2018FB044);云南省高校土壤侵蚀与控制重点实验室建设项目(云教科(2016)37号);云南省高校林木生物技术重点实验室项目(2018KF10);西南林业大学大学生创新创业项目(2018Y011).

摘　　要：水位涨落和风浪扰动是高原湖滨湿地的典型生境特征,其对湿地植物吸收底泥砷的影响尚不清楚.为此,以典型湿地植物狭叶香蒲(Typha angustifolia L.)为研究对象,通过设置无水位、低水位和高水位以及无扰动、低程度扰动和高程度扰动共6种不同处理来模拟湖滨湿地水位变化和风浪扰动的生境,测定了不同处理下狭叶香蒲的生物量、地上和地下部分砷质量比、富集系数、转运系数以及磷/砷物质的量比(P/As=c(P):c(As))的变化.结果表明:①随着水位升高,狭叶香蒲的生物量逐步向地上部分转移分配;不同扰动处理下,地上部分生物量占比情况为低程度扰动<无扰动<高程度扰动.②地上部分砷质量比在无水位和高程度扰动处理下最高(分别为6.23 mg/kg和16.96 mg/kg),而地下部分砷质量比则在高水位处理下最高(336.29 mg/kg),扰动程度对地下部分砷质量比影响不显著.③狭叶香蒲对砷的积累和转运在不同水位和扰动程度条件下差异显著,富集系数在高水位条件下最大(1.84),而转运系数则是在高程度扰动时最高(0.05);单株植物砷的提取量在高水位和无扰动处理下最大,分别为40.69 mg/株和40.39 mg/株.研究结果可为高效利用狭叶香蒲开展砷污染底泥生态修复提供理论依据.Water fluctuations and wave-disturbances are typical habitat characteristics of plateau lakeside wetlands,and the effects on arsenic(As)uptake by macrophyte is still unclear.To explore the effects of water fluctuations and wave-disturbances on the accumulation and transport of As in macrophyte Typha angustifolia,a series of indoor experiments were conducted.Three different overlying water depths and three different degrees of wave-disturbance were designed to simulate the natural environmental condition of lakeside wetland.The changes in biomass allocation,As content,transport factor,bioconcentration factor and phosphorus/arsenic the between molar ratio(P/As)of different parts of T.angustifolia under different treatments were measured.The results showed that:(1)With the increase of water depth,the biomass allocation of T.angustifolia gradually shifted to the above-ground part;under different disturbances treatments,the order of biomass allocated to above-ground part was as follows:low disturbance<no disturbance<high disturbance.(2)The As content in the above-ground part was the highest under the treatment of without-water level(6.23 mg/kg)and high degree disturbance(16.96 mg/kg),while the As content in the underground part was the highest(336.29 mg/kg)under the treatment of high-water level;the degree of disturbance had no significant effect on As content in underground part.(3)The As accumulation and transport in T.angustifolia were significantly different under different water levels and disturbance degree;the bioconcentration factor(BCF)of As under high-water level treatment was the highest(1.84),while the transport factor(TF)was the highest(0.05)under high disturbance treatment;in addition,As extraction amount of T.angustifolia was the largest under high-water level and undisturbed treatment,which were 40.69 mg/plant and 40.39 mg/plant respectively.The results can provide a theoretical basis for regulating environmental factors in the efficient use of T.angustifolia to carry out ecological remediation of As-c

关 键 词：砷污染 水位涨落 风浪扰动 狭叶香蒲 砷累积 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]