采用安全层法对红油爆炸事故进行定级的探讨  

Discussion on the Scaling of Red-oil Explosion Accident by Safety Layer Method

作　　者：吕丹 汪世军 宋凤丽 张春龙 徐春艳 LYU Dan;WANG Shijun;SONG Fengli;ZHANG Chunlong;XU Chunyan(Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 102445,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部核与辐射安全中心,北京1024452

出　　处：《核科学与工程》2021年第4期826-831,共6页Nuclear Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会—中国核工业集团有限公司核技术创新联合基金(U1867203)。

摘　　要：INES(国际核与放射事件分级)的安全层法适用于没有"实际后果"但某些安全措施失效的事件的定级,在核电厂运行事件定级中已得到广泛应用。为推动该方法在乏燃料后处理设施事件定级中的应用,选取典型的高放废液蒸发器红油爆炸事故为分析对象,对其进行了事件定级的探讨。研究结果表明,如果事故仅造成蒸发器本身破损,或者爆炸冲破了其所在的设备室盖板、也破坏了其所在设备室通风系统,则事件定级为0级;如果爆炸冲破了设备室和建(构)筑物,但未造成实际后果,则事件定级为3级。为了将红油爆炸事故控制为0级事件,应根据爆炸冲击影响,设计适宜的辐射监测(报警)仪表、运行人员安全停车操作、通风系统、以及相应的去污、维修等恢复措施,同时,有必要考虑相应的抗爆、泄爆安全措施。The safety layer method of INES(International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale)applies to the scaling of the events that have no"actual consequences"but with the failure of some safety measures.This method has been widely used in the scaling of nuclear power plant events in the operation phase.In order to promote the application of this method in the event scaling of spent fuel reprocessing facilities,the typical red-oil explosion accident happened in high-level liquid waste evaporator was selected as the analysis object,and its event scaling was discussed.The results of the study showed that,if the accident only caused damage to the evaporator itself,or the explosion broke the cover of the equipment cell where it was located as well as destroyed the ventilation system of this equipment cell,the incident was scaled at level 0;if the explosion broke the building and the structure of the facility,but without causing any actual consequences,the incident was scaled at level 3.In order to control the red-oil explosion accident as a level 0 event,appropriate radiation monitoring(alarm)instruments,safe shut-down operations for operating personnel,ventilation systems,and corresponding recovery measures(like decontamination and maintenance)should be designed according to the impact of the explosion shock.In addition,it is necessary to consider the corresponding safety measures to resist the explosions or to relieve the explosion pressure.

关 键 词：安全层 红油爆炸 事件分级 

分 类 号：TL2[核科学技术—核燃料循环与材料]