抚仙湖近十年水质变化特征及保护措施初探  

Study on variation characteristics of water quality and protection measures for Fuxian Lake in past decade

作　　者：杨春艳 李天翠 施艳峰 王英才 施择 YANG Chunyan;LI Tiancui;SHI Yanfeng;WANG Yingcai;SHI Ze(Yunnan Environmental Monitoring Center,Kunming 650034,China;Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center,Ecology and Environment Supervision and Administration Bureau of the Yangtze River of Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Wuhan 430010,China;Yuxi Ecological Environment Monitoring Station of Department of Ecology and Environment of Yunnan Province,Yuxi 653100,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省生态环境监测中心,云南昆明650034 [2]生态环境部长江流域生态环境监督管理局,长江流域生态环境监测与科学研究中心,湖北武汉430010 [3]云南省生态环境厅驻玉溪市生态环境监测站,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《人民长江》2021年第11期47-55,共9页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目“长江深大水库层化水体的多界面微生物地球化学过程及其环境影响调控研究”(U204020117)。

摘　　要：为了评价抚仙湖近10 a来水质变化状况,基于抚仙湖4个国控和省控断面(湖心、尖山、路居、哨嘴)的水质监测数据,分析了抚仙湖2011~2020年水质变化情况;并结合近10 a来的保护和治理工程项目的实施情况,总结已有治理的经验教训,提出了针对性的措施和建议。结果表明:抚仙湖整体水质能达到Ⅰ类水质标准,但近10 a间水质有逐步变差的趋势;叶绿素a和综合营养状态指数均呈现明显的上升趋势,透明度较10 a前有所降低,且出现局部湖区总氮、总磷接近Ⅱ类水质的现象;从空间变化看,湖心点位的水质整体优于其他3个近岸点位;从水期变化看,4个点位高锰酸盐指数在丰水期显著高于枯水期,除湖心外其他3个点位叶绿素a在枯水期显著高于丰水期;高锰酸盐指数和透明度受环境因子影响较为显著。研究结果可为保护西南地区最优质的淡水资源、制定流域水生态保护长远规划提供借鉴。In order to evaluate the variation of water quality of Fuxian Lake in the past decade,the water quality parameters from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed based on the water quality monitoring data of four state and province-controlled sections that is middle lake,Jianshan,Luju,and Shaozui section in Fuxian Lake.Combining with the implementation of protection and governance projects in the past decade,we summarized the experiences and lessons of existing governance,and put forward corresponding measures and suggestions.The results showed that the overall water quality of Fuxian Lake belonged to Class I water quality standard,but the water quality had a trend of deterioration in the past decade.Both chlorophyll a concentration and comprehensive nutritional status index increased obviously,while transparency decreased slightly,the total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the local lake area were close to the ClassⅡwater quality standard.From the perspective of spatial variation,the water quality at the middle lake section was better than the other three nearshore points.From the change of water period,the permanganate index at the four points was significantly higher in wet season than that in dry season,and the chlorophyll a concentration at other three points except the middle lake section was significantly higher in dry season than that in wet season.The permanganate index and transparency were significantly affected by environmental factors.The research results can provide a reference for long-term planning of watershed water ecological protection to protect the best freshwater resources in southwest China.

关 键 词：水质 总氮 总磷 综合营养状态指数 水质治理工程 抚仙湖 云南省 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]