中国北方地区季节降水与气温关系及其时空变异性  

Relationship between seasonal precipitation and temperature and its spatiotemporal variability in northern China

作　　者：陈阳 马龙[1] 刘廷玺[1] 黄星[1] CHEN Yang;MA Long;LIU Tingxi;HUANG Xing(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2021年第6期1545-1558,共14页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51869016,51669016);内蒙古自然科学基金(2020MS05054);内蒙古自治区“草原英才”项目资助。

摘　　要：降水与气温间关系变化对水资源、植被、农业生产等方面影响较大,但大范围、多种气候类型区的二者关系及其时空变异性的成果仍较缺乏。利用中国北方及其周边357个气象站点1951—2018年降水量、气温月数据,定性、定量揭示了中国北方地区季节降水与气温间的关系及其时空变异性。结果表明:夏季降水与气温的相关性最强,秋季、冬季次之,春季最弱;各季节降水与平均气温、平均最高气温均以负相关为主,而与平均最低气温则以正相关居多。二者关系主要有暖干型、暖湿型、冷干型和冷湿型4类。降水与气温在1950s以冷干、冷湿型关系为主,自1960s开始,冷干、冷湿型关系的覆盖范围逐渐向西缩小,暖干、暖湿开始成为东北、华北等地区降水与气温的主要关系类型,进入1970s以后,研究区整体以暖干、暖湿型关系居多,并持续至今,但东北、华北等小范围地区在21世纪以后再次出现冷干、冷湿型关系,其中冬季覆盖范围最大。本研究丰富了降水与气温间关系的研究成果,为区域生态环境改善、水资源问题应对等提供了参考。Different relationships between precipitation and temperature have different impacts on water resources,vegetation,and agricultural production;however,there is still a lack of understanding of the relationship between the two factors and their spatiotemporal variability across a wide range of climate typologies.This paper focuses on the relationship between precipitation and temperature observed in northern China(northern China encompasses a vast area that stretches over a great distance in both the latitudinal and longitudinal directions;the total area is approximately 531×104 km^(2),and it consists of three regions:the northwest region,which includes Qinghai,Gansu,Ningxia,Shaanxi,western Inner Mongolia,and Xinjiang;the northern region,which contains Hebei,Shandong,Henan,Shanxi,and central Inner Mongolia;and the northeast region,which consists of Heilongjiang,Jilin,Liaoning,and eastern Inner Mongolia.Northern China has complex and varied landforms,with various climate types.There are significant differences in surface relief,temperature,and precipitation between the western and eastern regions of northern China).Annual(and monthly)data(including the average minimum temperature,average temperature,average maximum temperature,and precipitation)were collected at 357 meteorological stations distributed over northern China and its surrounding regions from the time of the establishment of the stations to 2018.The data were obtained from the National Meteorological Information Center of the China Meteorological Administration.The National Meteorological Information Center of China has conducted quality control on the temperature data collected at all meteorological stations.Thus,these data are reliable and contain no notable abrupt change points or random variations but instead have relatively uniform and consistent variations,and they therefore can represent the climate conditions in the study area over northern China and its surrounding regions.By adopting several statistical methods,including the central cluster me

关 键 词：降水 气温 季节关系 时空变异性 中国北方地区 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P423