地形因子对陕北黄土丘陵区防护林树种分布的影响  

Effects of topographical factors on tree species distribution of shelter forest in Loess hilly region of northern Shaanxi

作　　者：姜丽 魏天兴[1,2] 李亦然 魏安琪 JIANG Li;WEI Tianxing;LI Yiran;WEI Anqi(Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Qinhuangdao Meteorological Disaster Prevention Center,Qinhuangdao 066000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持国家林业局重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心,北京100083 [3]秦皇岛市气象灾害防御中心,河北秦皇岛066000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2021年第6期1763-1771,共9页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC050170502)资助。

摘　　要：为了解地形因子对树种分布变化的影响,更科学地进行防护林空间配置,本研究利用陕西省延安市吴起县数字高程模型(DEM)数据以及两期树种分布数据,采用Pearson相关分析和随机森林模型,探讨陕西省延安市吴起县典型造林树种[刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、山杏(Armeniaca si⁃birica)、油松(Pinus tabuliformis)和沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)]与地形因子(海拔、坡度、坡向、曲率、地形起伏度和地形粗糙度)的关系。结果表明:(1)2007-2019年刺槐、山杏和油松的分布呈增加趋势,研究区内分别在83.373%、73.271%和72.415%的区域呈增加趋势;沙棘的分布呈减少趋势,在61.737%的区域衰退。(2)通过Pearson相关分析和随机森林重要性检验,海拔和坡向是影响黄土高原地区典型造林树种分布的主要地形因子。(3)4种主要造林乔灌木树种刺槐、山杏、油松和沙棘适宜生长海拔范围分别为1410.105~1510.215 m、1444.873~1553.210 m、1380.132~1451.762 m和1365.621~1562.348 m。(4)刺槐适宜生长坡向范围为0~20.520°、50.280°~62.310°、82.440°~95.280°和277.280°~360.000°;山杏适宜生长坡向范围为0~81.270°和265.310°~360.000°;油松适宜生长坡向范围为0~100.180°;沙棘适宜生长坡向范围为0~74.540°和280.820°~360.000°。As an important part of various ecosystems,forests play an important role in intercepting rainfall,maintaining runoff,regulating climate,preventing desertification,and soil and water conservation.The construction of shelterbelts has also gradually become an important means of solving the ecological and environmental problems in several countries.However,because of the excessive pursuit of increased green area in the early stages of afforestation and the failure to follow the“suitable site and suitable tree”principle,the quality of protective forests formed in the early stages of afforestation in China has not been high overall.Thus,it is of great significance to study how topographic factors affect the distribution of tree species to realize sustainable development in shelterbelt system construction projects,promote the optimization of shelterbelt structures,and improve the quality of shelterbelts.In this study,digital elevation model data,forest resource survey results,and tree species distribution data from Wuqi County,Shaanxi Province,China were collected to investigate the influence of topographical factors on vegetation distribution and promote ecological restoration and shelter forest construction.The relationships between typical afforestation tree species(Pinus tabuliformis,Robinia pseudoacacia,Armeniaca sibiric,and Hippophae rhamnoides)and topographic factors(elevation,aspect,slope,curvature,recursive damped least squares,and topographic roughness index)were analyzed using Pearson analysis and a random forest model.The results demonstrated the following:(1)The distribution area of R.pseudoacacia,A.sibiric,and P.tabuliformis exhibited an upward trend from 2007 to 2019,increasing by 83.373%,73.271%,and 72.415%,respectively.The distribution area of H.rhamnoides exhibited a declining trend,decreasing by 61.737%.(2)On the local scale,the influence of terrain factors on the distribution of tree species cannot be ignored,with the most important being altitude and aspect.Hence,different afforestation tree sp

关 键 词：树种分布 地形因子 随机森林模型 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S727.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种]