返贫风险、生计抵御力与规避策略实践——祁连山国家级自然保护区内8县的调查与分析  

Poverty risk,livelihood resilience and prevention strategy practice:Investigation and analysis of 8 counties in Qilian Mountains National Nature Reserve

作　　者：尚海洋 宋妮妮 SHANG Haiyang;SONG Nini(School of Management,Northwest University of Political Science and Law,Xi’an 710122,Shaanxi,China;School of Economics and Management,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710021,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学管理学院,陕西西安710122 [2]陕西科技大学经济与管理学院,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2021年第6期1784-1795,共12页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21BJY138);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42171281);国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(20FJYB025);陕西省创新人才推进计划科技创新团队(2021TD-35);陕西省哲学社会科学基金(2020D036)资助。

摘　　要：农户生产生活中生计风险的识别与应对,一直都是农村经济发展与社会建设进程中需要重点关注的核心问题。充盈而优质的生计资本决定了农户生计状况,也是农户有效降低其生计脆弱性、持续增强其生计风险抵御力、快速提升生计恢复力的基础。特别是对于生态脆弱区内的脱贫户,在脱贫后更容易因生计脆弱性、生计风险而返贫,提高其应对风险冲击的“抗逆力”,增强生计风险抵御力,将成为生态脆弱区新时期扶贫工作的关键和重点。通过对祁连山国家自然保护区内农户的生计资本与返贫风险进行调查,并梳理农户风险规避实践;在分析生计风险与生计抵御力间关系的基础上,从生计抵御力的视角总结不同农户组群的生计特征与风险应对实践之间的对应关系。研究表明:加强返贫风险抵御力的建设,特别是家庭或更广泛的生计系统(生计网)抵御力建设,提升生计网的反应能力、适应能力、恢复能力,有助于提升农户规避策略的多样性与有效性,有助于农户在脱贫摘帽后长期实现持续稳定脱贫。The identification and response to farmers’livelihood risks have always been core issues that require attention regarding rural economic development and social construction procedures.Adequate and high-quality livelihood capital determines the livelihood status of farmers.Farmers also effectively need to minimize livelihood vulnerability,northwest China and sustainably strengthen livelihood risk resilience.After being lifted out of poverty,in particular,poverty-stricken households in ecologically fragile areas are prone to returning to poverty because of livelihood vulnerability.In the new era,enhancing their“resilience”will be the key and focus of poverty alleviation.This research analyzes farmers’livelihood capital and the risk of returning to poverty in the Qilian Mountains National Nature Reserve,northwest China and sorts out farmers’risk aversion practices.The correspondence between livelihood characteristics and risk coping techniques of different groups is summarized based on the analysis of the correlation between livelihood risks and livelihood resilience.The study shows that enhancing the responsiveness,adaptability,and resilience of livelihood networks and strengthening the resilience to the risk of returning to poverty,especially for households or broader livelihood systems,can help improve the diversity and effectiveness of farmers’avoidance strategies and help them acquire sustainable and stable poverty alleviation after eliminating poverty.

关 键 词：生计抵御力 风险规避策略 扶贫对策 祁连山 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]