商标法中“相关公众”的适用研究  

A Study on the Interpretation and Application of"Relevant Public"under Trademark Law

作　　者：周贺微 Zhou Hewei

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学文法学部

出　　处：《知识产权》2021年第11期31-49,共19页Intellectual Property

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“创新驱动发展战略下知识产权公共领域问题研究”(17ZDA139);2020科技创新服务能力建设一校人文社科基金“知识产权综合治理及其法律规制研究”.

摘　　要：从规范层面来看,"相关公众"术语在商标法及相关文件中广泛存在,但是体系逻辑混乱,解释模糊和不确定,造成商标法基础问题的循环解释等体系问题。从比较法来看,不仅国内对商标法中的"相关公众"缺乏共识,域外商标法对"公众""相关公众""消费者"等概念也存在不同的处理方式。无论是参与主义还是主观主义,"相关公众"的精确性都存在现实需求。替代方案的必要性及可行性检测表明,"相关公众"的立法解释成为其规范性适用的可靠依据。回归"相关公众"本身的解释和适用规制,其精确化可借助商标调查表实现,在商标相关纠纷处理中相关公众的类型化承载着不同的利益,被代表的错位对相关主体的弱化需要得到直观的改进。At the normative level,the term"relevant public"is widely used in trademark law and related documents,but its logic is quite confusing,presenting a systemic problem of circular interpretation due to the ambiguity and uncertainty of"relevant public"as the basis of trademark law.The lack of consensus on"relevant public"in trademark law exists not only in domestic law,but also in international level,where the terms of"public","relevant public",and"consumers"have different approaches to trademark law.There is a realistic need for the precision of the relevant public no matter from participatory perspective or subjective perspective,and the test of necessity and feasibility for any alternative solutions shows that the legislative interpretation of"relevant public"becomes a reliable basis for its normative application.Returning to its own interpretation and application of this term,the precision of"relevant public"can be achieved with the help of trademark questionnaires;the typology of the relevant public in the processing of trademark-related disputes carries different interests;and the weakening of the represented misalignment to the relevant subject needs to be intuitively improved.

关 键 词：商标 相关公众 公众 消费者 经营者 混淆 

分 类 号：D923.43[政治法律—民商法学]