反不正当竞争法一般条款的监管执法权研究  

On the Enforcement Power of the General Clause of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law

作　　者：彭运朋 于海洋 Peng Yunpeng;Yu Haiyang

机构地区：[1]澳门科技大学法学院

出　　处：《知识产权》2021年第11期91-104,共14页Intellectual Property

基　　金：澳门科技大学研究基金项目“法治的竞争性供给机制研究:以粤港澳大湾区建设中的‘一国三法域问题’为例”(FRG-18-033-FL)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：2017年《反不正当竞争法》修订时删除了草案中授予监管部门一般条款执法权的内容,原因是有意见认为不正当竞争行为属于民事侵权行为。但是,监管部门对竞争行为是否扰乱竞争秩序、损害公共利益的行政违法认定与法院对其是否构成侵权的认定是相互独立的,而且从发展趋势来看,反不正当竞争法的市场监管法属性越发突出。一般条款监管执法能够促进民事诉讼更好地实现保护其他经营者、消费者合法权益的功能。立法可以通过多种方式实现对监管执法裁量权的必要约束。一般条款执法权应秉持谦抑,备而少用,但不宜用而不备。我国未来应在重新修订反不正当竞争法时追加授权。When the Chinese Anti-Unfair Competition Law was amended in 2017, the draft provision that granted the regulatory authorities the power to enforce the general clause was deleted. The reason is that some opinions believe that unfair competition is a civil tort. However,the regulatory authority’s determination of whether competition behavior disrupts the competitive order and damages the public interest in administrative violations is independent from the court’s determination of whether it constitutes infringement;and from the perspective of development trends, the anti-unfair competition law’s market supervision law attribute tend to be more prominent. Administrative enforcement of general clause can promote civil litigation to realize the function of protecting the legitimate rights and interests of other operators and consumers.Legislation can restrict the discretionary power of supervision and law enforcement in a variety of ways. Enforcement power of general clause should be prepared and used sparingly rather than not prepared for use. This enforcement power should be authorized when revising the anti-unfair competition law in the future.

关 键 词：一般条款 竞争秩序 搭便车 非公益必要不干扰原则 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]