油菜耕整移栽联合作业机液压仿形系统设计与试验  

Design and Test of Hydraulic Profiling System for Rape Seedling Combined Transplanter

作　　者：汤庆 吴俊 蒋兰 吴崇友 肖体琼 江涛 TANG Qing;WU Jun;JIANG Lan;WU Chongyou;XIAO Tiqiong;JIANG Tao(Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第11期95-102,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700804);江苏省重点研发计划项目(SBE2018310260);国家自然科学基金项目(51575284);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目;江西省重点研发计划项目(20212BBF63039);九江市重点研发计划项目(S2021ZDYFN069)。

摘　　要：油菜栽植深度一致性是评价移栽质量的重要指标,其直接影响秧苗缓苗和根系再生,以及油菜产量。为了提高油菜耕整移栽联合作业机栽植深度一致性,设计了基于仿形轮高度感应与液压联动的仿形系统。开展了±25 mm起伏高度的模拟路面仿形轮和栽植器在不同前进速度下轨迹与相位试验,结果显示前进速度分别为0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2 m/s时,仿形轮和栽植器的轨迹变化趋势与路面一致,相位均有延迟,幅值分别下降5.8%、15.2%、17.7%、33.8%和14.9%、21.5%、41.5%、54.6%,相位差分别为0.0267、0.0119、0.0225、0.0366 s和0.182、0.1264、0.1278、0.1489 s。以前进速度、栽植单元质量、地面起伏高度差为影响因素,以栽植深度合格率为试验指标,进行三因素五水平二次正交旋转组合设计试验。试验结果表明因素影响强弱次序为:栽植单元质量、地面起伏高度差、前进速度,经寻优得最优参数为:栽植单元质量30 kg,地面起伏高度差20 mm,前进速度1 m/s,此参数组合下栽植深度合格率为90.27%,优于标准值,表明液压仿形系统可以有效控制栽深,提高栽深一致性。Planting depth consistency of rape is an important index to evaluate the transplanting quality,which directly affects the slow seedling period and the roots regeneration,and even the rapeseed yield.In order to improve the planting depth consistency of rape seedling combined transplanter,a hydraulic profiling system based on the profiling wheel height induction was designed.The simulated ground test in laboratory were conducted,and the test results showed that the track of the profiling wheel was consistent with the planter at different speeds.At the speed of 0.3 m/s,0.6 m/s,0.9 m/s and 1.2 m/s,respectively,the track change trend of copying wheel and planter was consistent with that of road surface,and the phase was delayed,the amplitude was decreased by 5.8%,15.2%,17.7%,33.8%and 14.9%,21.5%,41.5%and 54.6%,respectively,and the phase difference was 0.0267 s,0.0119 s,0.0225 s,0.0366 s and 0.182 s,0.1264 s,0.1278 s and 0.1489 s,respectively.Taking three factors of forward speed,planting unit weight and height difference value of ground as influencing factors,and the qualification rate of planting depth as the test index,the second orthogonal rotation combination design test of three factors and five level was conducted.The test results showed that the influence degree from strong to weak was:the planting unit weight,the height difference value of ground and the forward speed.The optimal parameter combination was modified.When the planting unit weight was 30 kg,the height difference value of ground was 20 mm and the forward speed was 1 m/s,the qualification rate of planting depth was 90.27%.It was better than the standard value,indicating that the hydraulic profiling system can effectively control the planting depth and improve the consistency of planting depth.

关 键 词：油菜耕整移栽联合作业机 液压仿形 栽植合格率 

分 类 号：S223.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]