遮荫对白及形态及叶片结构的影响  

Shading Effect on Morphology and Leaf Structure of Bletilla striata

作　　者：袁秀云[1] 许申平[1] 周一冉 王喜蒙 崔波[1] YUAN Xiu-Yun;XU Shen-Ping;ZHOU Yi-Ran;WNG Xi-Meng;CUI Bo(Institute of Bioengineering,Zhengzhou Normal University,Zhengzhou 450044;College of Life Sciences,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001)

机构地区：[1]郑州师范学院生物工程研究中心,郑州450044 [2]郑州大学生命科学学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《植物研究》2021年第6期974-981,共8页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项项目(181100110300);郑州师范学院科技创新团队支持计划资助项目(ZS180110)。

摘　　要：为探究药用植物白及(Bletilla striata)形态及叶片结构对遮荫的响应,本研究设置50%、70%、90%遮荫3个处理,以全光照为对照(CK),对大田白及的外部形态和叶片结构进行研究。结果显示,遮荫促进了白及株高、叶长、叶宽和叶面积的增加,其中50%遮荫处理下增长最突出。叶片气孔密度随着遮荫强度的增高而逐渐降低,表皮蜡质逐渐减少。叶片解剖结构显示,50%遮荫条件下叶片厚度增加,相邻维管束距离缩小。叶绿体超微结构观察表明,随着遮荫强度增高叶绿体由近球形变为长梭形。CK条件下叶片叶绿体基粒和类囊体片层较少;50%遮荫条件下,叶绿体中基粒较多,且类囊体垛叠程度较高;70%和90%遮荫条件下,基质类囊体逐渐增多,片层间距增大。由此可见,白及叶片气孔密度、表皮蜡质、叶肉厚度、叶绿体形状、叶绿体类囊体片层及垛叠程度是白及对遮荫进行光合生理响应的主要结构基础。To explore the response of Bletilla striata to shading conditions,the two-year-old B.striata were cultivated under sunshade nets of 0%(as the control,CK),50%,70%and 90%shading rate,the external morphology and leaf structure of B.striata were measured.The results showed that the plant height,leaf length,leaf width and leaf area were increased significantly under three shading treatments respectively,and the 50%shading treatment was the best.The stomatal density and wax particles in epidermis decreased gradually with the decrease of light intensity while the shape of chloroplast changed from nearly spherical to long fusiform.Moreover,the leaf thickness was increased,whereas the distance of adjacent vascular bundles was decreased under 50%shading treatment by the leaf cross-cutting observation.The less number of grana and thylakoid lamellae in chloroplast under CK treatment,and the more number of grana and the higher degree of thylakoid stacking in chloroplast under 50%treatment.However,there were the more stromal thylakoids and spacing between the lamellae under 70%and 90%shading treatment.These results suggested that the stomatal density,epidermis wax,mesophyll thickness,chloroplast shape,thylakoid lamellae and its thylakoid stacking might as the main structural basis factors of photosynthetic physiological response of B.striata to shading treatment.

关 键 词：白及 遮荫 叶片显微结构 叶绿体超微结构 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]