藓袋法解析重大事件对西昌大气重金属的影响  

Bio-monitoring of Atmospheric Heavy Metal Pollution of Major Emergency Events Using Moss Bags:a Case Study in Xichang

作　　者：王雪梅 毛浩田[3] 胡金朝 陈洋尔 刘国[2] WANG Xuemei;MAO Haotian;HU Jinzhao;CHEN Yang’er;LIU Guo(College of Resources and Environment,Xichang University,Xichang 615013,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil&Water Pollution,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,Ya'an 625014,China)

机构地区：[1]西昌学院资源与环境学院,四川西昌615013 [2]成都理工大学国家环境保护水土污染协同控制与联合修复重点实验室,四川成都610059 [3]四川农业大学生命科学学院,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2021年第8期82-90,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41967033);国家环境保护水土污染协同控制与联合修复重点实验室开放基金(GHBK-002);西昌市科技项目(18JSYJ09)。

摘　　要：为了解西昌市大气重金属的污染状况,该研究于2019年4月-2020年4月分季节采用鳞叶藓(Taxiphyllum taxirameum)藓袋法对西昌市大气重金属污染进行了跟踪监测。在2020年1月15日-4月15日春季监测期中发生了COVID-19疫情和西昌"3.30"特大森林火灾等重大突发事件,对西昌市的大气生态环境产生了影响。通过对事件发生前后的藓袋中Al、Cr、Fe、Cu、Ni、Pb、Mn、Hg、Zn、V、As、Ba等12种重金属含量分析,结合西昌市大气监测数据、气象数据等,解析了森林火灾和COVID-19疫情对西昌市大气重金属污染的影响。结果表明,春季(2020年1月15日-4月15日)12种重金属的总富集量(12.85±1.57) mg/g显著高于其他3个季节(p<0.01),但其他3个季节富集总量不存在显著性差异(p>0.05),可见春季监测期富集量的大幅上升可能是受重大突发事件的影响。通过疫情前后空气变化比较,COVID-19疫情影响使西昌市机动车活动水平和排放量下降,旅游业相关区域大气Pb污染量下降。同时不平衡的污染物排放量下降引起了城区的大气氧化性显著上升,促进了二次颗粒物的生成,周边工业源的颗粒物传输进入城区,使工业区下风向的城市边缘区域的藓袋Hg富集量大幅上升。该研究表明藓袋法是一种有效的大气重金属污染生物监测方法,能够反映出对空气质量影响的重大事件的效应。In order to trace and monitor the atmospheric heavy metal pollution in Xichang City, an investigation activity was carried out with a sort of moss(Taxiphyllum taxirameum)(packed in moss bags) as a biological indicator for monitoring heavy metal pollution. The investigation was conducted from the period from April 2019 to April 2020, during which two grave emergency events occurred during spring monitoring period from January 15 to April 15, 2020, i.e., COVID-19 and"3.30"severe forest fire in Xichang, which inevitably affected the atmospheric quality. Based on the concentration analysis of 12 kinds of heavy metal, including Al,Cr,Fe,Cu,Ni,Pb,Mn,Hg,Zn,V,As and Ba contained in the moss and the local meteorological data, comparing those informative data before and after the time when the emergency events toke place,the paper made an analysis on the impacts of two enormous emergency events on the air pollution of heavy metal in Xichang. The results showed that total amount of enrichment of above-mentioned 12 heavy metals in spring(January 15 to April 15, 2020) is(12.85±1.57) mg/g, which was significantly higher than in the other three seasons(p<0.01), but no significant discrepancies about the total enrichment amount in the other three seasons(p>0.05). Primarily because of COVID-19 pandemic, the level of motor vehicles emissions cut down, and the decrease of the tourism in the related areas perhaps causing the decline of pollution of Pb. In addition, the decrease of unbalanced emission of pollutants led to a noted increase of atmospheric oxidation in urban area, thus boosting the formation of secondary particulate matter, and the particulate matter from surrounding industrial sources was transported into the urban area;as a result, remarkable increases of Hg concentration of moss within the moss bags were detected downwind the industrial area located in the urban fringe. Consequently, the investigation showed that the moss-bag method is an effective biological tool for monitoring air heavy metal pollution, which coul

关 键 词：藓袋法 大气监测 森林火灾 COVID-19疫情 

分 类 号：X508[环境科学与工程—环境工程]