珍稀蝴蝶的亚种分类问题及保护意义:以喙凤蝶属为例  

Problems of subspecies taxonomy of rare butterflies and their significance in conservation:with Teinopalpus Hope as examples

作　　者：邹武 曾菊平[1,3] 姜梦娜 王渌 周善义 张江涛[1,3] ZOU Wu;ZENG Ju-Ping;JIANG Meng-Na;WANG Lu;ZHOU Shan-Yi;ZHANG Jiang-Tao(Key laboratory of National Forestry and Grass and Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China;Jiulianshan Forest Ecosystem Observation Station, Longnan, Jiangxi 341700, China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学林学院,鄱阳湖流域森林生态系统保护与修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室,南昌330045 [2]广西师范大学生命科学学院,珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室,广西桂林541006 [3]江西九连山森林生态系统定位观测研究站,江西龙南341700

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2021年第11期1338-1349,共12页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31160430,31760640);生态环境部“生物多样性调查与评估”项目(2019HJ2096001006)。

摘　　要：亚种是种的一个亚单位,由于分类学上的不同定义和主观性而受到质疑。然而,在分类学实践中,所有试图用不同的术语取代亚种或完全放弃亚种的尝试都是不可接受的。亚种同样是生物多样性的重要组成,有一定独特性,为自然进程的一部分,具有保护研究价值。本文基于亚种概念、特征认为亚种分类需参考地理隔离(如异域分布)与表型差异2个原则。我们以珍稀喙凤蝶属Teinopalpus为例,系统收集亚种分类文献,采集该属亚种的地理分布、形态描述与差异等信息,综合分析该属蝶类的亚种分类现状、问题与原因。1843-2007年喙凤蝶属金带喙凤蝶T.imperialis及其姊妹种金斑喙凤蝶T.aureus各自记录了8个亚种。然而,部分亚种记录于同一行政区,如金带喙凤蝶T.i.imperialis,T.i.himalaicus与T.i.behludinii均在中国四川有记录,而金斑喙凤蝶在中国浙江有2个亚种记录,这显示名称应用的不确定性。考虑到两姊妹种同域分布在亚洲东南部,通过比对亚种正模所在地植被群落(biome)、生态区(ecoregion)的一致性判定地理隔离,发现金带喙凤蝶(覆盖3个植被群落)比金斑喙凤蝶(仅覆盖1个)的种下生态位分化程度更高。而据所处生态区的一致性,建议将金带喙凤蝶亚种分类修订为T.i.imperialis,T.i.himalaicus,T.i.miecoae,T.i.behludinii,T.i.imperatrix(含T.i.bhumipholi),T.i.gillesi和T.i.gerritesi 7个;金斑喙凤蝶亚种分类修订为T.a.aureus(含T.a.wuyiensis,T.a.guangxiensis与T.a.nagaoi),T.a.eminens(含T.a.laotiana),T.a.shinkaii与T.a.hainani 4个。由于可参考标本少,喙凤蝶属亚种确立时可用形态比对信息有限、不完整(如只依据单性的形态比对结果等),易“过度亚种化”。珍稀亚种分类问题(如“过度亚种化”、信息不确定性等)影响其保护措施,因为管理者常需权衡投入成本与成效、明确优先保护区域或对象,并以此做出决策。因此,在更多确定信息未Subspecies is a subunit of species,and its status is questioned because of different definitions and subjectivity in taxonomy.However,all attempts either to replace the subspecies by a different terminology or to abandon it altogether have been found unacceptable in taxonomic practice.Subspecies,as a part of the natural process,are also an important part of biodiversity,and with certain uniqueness,they also have values in conservation.Based on subspecies concepts and characteristics,it is proposed that two principles,geographical isolation(such as allopatric distribution)and differences in phenotype,should be applied in subspecies taxonomy.In this article,we reviewed the application and problems of the two principles with the rare butterflies of Teinopalpus as examples,collected the data of geographic distribution,morphological descriptions of subspecies taxonomy or related literatures of this butterfly genus,and summarized the status,problems and causes in the subspecies taxonomy of this genus.From 1843 to 2007,eight subspecies were recorded in T.imperialis and its sister species T.aureus,respectively.However,some subspecies were applied simultaneously in one administrative region,such as T.i.imperialis,T.i.himalaicus and T.i.behludinii all were applied in Sichuan Province of China,and two subspecies were recorded together in Zhejiang Province of China,indicating uncertainties in subspecies application.Considering that both the two sister butterflies were distributed(sympatric)in Southeast Asia,the geographical isolation between subspecies was then determined by comparing the consistency of locations of their holotype specimens in biomes and ecoregions.The niche differentiation in T.imperialis(over three biomes)could be higher than that in T.aureus(with only one biome).According to the isolation of ecoregion,we suggest that the subspecies taxonomy of T.imperialis should be revised as the seven subspecies T.i.imperialis,T.i.himalaicus,T.i.miecoae,T.i.behludinii,T.i.imperatrix(including T.i.bhumipholi),T.i.gillesi

关 键 词：蝶类 亚种 分类 地理隔离 表型 保护 

分 类 号：Q969[生物学—昆虫学]