基于氮平衡的陆基水产养殖系统关键参数设计  

Design of the Key Parameters for Land-based Aquaculture Systems Based on the Nitrogen Balance

作　　者：郭红喜 柯彦若 杨泽冰 李波 林育敏 周琰 GUO Hongxi;KE Yanruo;YANG Zebing;LI Bo;LIN Yumin;ZHOU Yan(Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430065,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉市农业科学院,湖北武汉430065

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2021年第11期44-47,52,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖北省科技精准扶贫计划项目(2019ABB032);武汉市社科联一般课题项目(WHSKL2021159);武汉市农业科学院创新项目(CXJSFW202108)。

摘　　要：为合理确定陆基水产养殖系统关键设计参数,本研究运用氮平衡理论,计算推导养殖系统水循环量、氧供给量、养殖池与配套池塘净化区面积比例,并进一步讨论鱼类粪便及残饵的收集率对系统运行的影响。结果表明:加州鲈(Micropterus salmoides)陆基养殖条件下,在粪便及残饵收集率不变情况下,养殖负荷由25 kg·m^(-3)提高到50 kg·m^(-3),水循环量与氧气供应量均提高100%左右,水交换时间降低100%左右;在养殖负荷不变情况下,粪便及残饵收集率由30%提高到60%,水循环量下降12.10%~12.12%,氧气供应量下降7.65%~7.78%,水交换时间提高13.77%~13.82%;说明养殖负荷对陆基养殖系统水循环率、水交换时间和氧气供应量的影响较粪便及残饵收集率更大;另外,陆基养殖池面积与池塘净化区面积之比宜为1.5%~1.7%。本研究中陆基水产养殖系统的关键参数有利于陆基水产养殖技术推广与应用。To reasonably determine the key design parameters of land-based aquaculture system,the experiment calculated and deduced the amount of water circulation,oxygen supply,and area ratio of culture pond to supporting pond purification area of the culture system using the nitrogen balance theory,and further discussed the influence of the collection rate of fish manure and residual bait on the system operation.The results showed that under the same manure and residual bait collection rate,the culture load of Micropterus salmoides increased from 25 kg·m^(-3)to 50 kg·m^(-3),the water circulation and oxygen supply increased by about 100%,and the water exchange time decreased by about 100%;under the same culture load of Micropterus salmoides,the fish manure and residual bait collection rate increased from 30%to 60%,the water circulation decreased by 12.10%-12.12%,the oxygen supply decreased by 7.65%-7.78%,and the water exchange time increased by 13.77%-13.82%.The above results showed that the influences of culture load on water circulation rate,water exchange time and oxygen supply of land-based culture system were greater than the influences of manure and residual bait collection rate.In addition,the optimum ratio of the land-based culture pond area to the pond purification area should be 1.5%-1.7%.The key design parameters for land-based aquaculture systems in this experiment are beneficial to the promotion and application of land-based aquaculture technology.

关 键 词：陆基水产养殖 氮平衡 工艺参数 

分 类 号：S954.1[农业科学—水产养殖]