一起新型冠状病毒肺炎家庭聚集疫情分析  

Analysis of a family epidemic of the corona virus disease 2019 aggregation

作　　者：张宪策[1] 邹明文[1] 黄纪虹[1] 何颖[1] 张玉[1] 金昊 尹晔[1] ZHANG Xian-ce;ZOU Ming-wen;HUANG Ji-hong;HE-Ying;ZHANG-Yu;JIN-Hao;YIN-Ye(Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,Anshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Anshan 114000,China)

机构地区：[1]鞍山市疾病预防控制中心传染病防制科,辽宁鞍山114000

出　　处：《社区医学杂志》2021年第17期1035-1038,共4页Journal Of Community Medicine

摘　　要：目的通过对一起家庭相关联的确诊新型冠状病毒肺炎病例和密切接触者进行流行病学特征分析,了解聚集疫情发病特点,为制定预防控制策略提供参考。方法对2020年鞍山地区一起家庭关联病例的病例特征、时间分布、流行病学史及传播链情况等进行描述性分析,同时采用SPSS 22.0对暴露时间和一次性医用外科口罩的防护作用进行检验分析。结果与一代输入病例接触的32名密切接触者中,有4例确诊病例和1例核酸检测阳性患者,罹患率15.63%。潜伏期7~13d,中位潜伏期9d;出现症状到医院就诊时间中位数为3d,原发-继发病例临床表现间隔时间中位数为8.5d。经呼吸道飞沫和密切接触是新型冠状病毒肺炎的主要传播方式,尤其在与新型冠状病毒肺炎感染者共处在相对密闭的空间(房间)内更容易感染。佩戴一次性医用外科口罩的密切接触者罹患率低于未佩戴者,P=0.006;接触时间<1h的密切接触者罹患率低于接触时间>1h者,P=0.009。结论本次聚集疫情是由外省旅居史感染病例引起的家庭聚集疫情,早发现、早隔离及做好日常个人防护是预防控制的关键措施。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of family-related confirmed cases of corona virus disease2019 was conducted to provide a reference for the formulation of prevention and control strategies.Methods Descriptive analysis was made on the case characteristics,time distribution,epidemiological history and transmission chain of familyrelated cases in 2020.Meanwhile,SPSS 22.0 was used to test and analyze the exposure time and the protective effect of disposable medical surgical masks.Results Of the 32 close contacts with the first-generation imported cases(suspected cases),4 were confirmed and 1 tested positive,with an infection rate of 15.63%.The incubation period was 7-13 days and the median was 9 days.The median time to hospital for symptoms was 3 days and the median time between primary and secondary clinical symptoms was 8.5 days.Contact was the primary mode of transmission,especially in confined spaces with corona virus disease 2019 patients.The prevalence rate of close contact wearing mask was lower than that of wearing mask(P=0.006),and the prevalence rate of contact time was lower than that of wearing mask(P=0.009).Conclusion Early detection,early isolation and daily personal protection were the key measures for the epidemic situation in families caused by infection cases living in other provinces.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒肺炎 聚集 接触传播 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统]