华北地区设施膜面软体集雨水窖水肥一体化技术可行性分析  

Feasibility Analysis of Fertigation System by Using Greenhouse Membrane Surface Rain Collection in North China

作　　者：张赓[1] 孔婧祎 杜森[1] 吴勇[1] 孟范玉[4] 郑育锁 ZHANG Geng;KONG Jingyi;DU Sen;WU Yong;MENG Fanyu;ZHENG Yusuo(National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Beijing 100125;College of Water Resources,Shenyang Agricultual University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110866;Beijing Agricultural Information Technology Research Center,Beijing 100097;Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Beijing 100029;Tianjin Agricultural Development Service Center,Tianjin 300061)

机构地区：[1]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125 [2]沈阳农业大学水利学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [3]北京农业信息技术研究中心,北京100097 [4]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100029 [5]天津市农业发展服务中心,天津300061

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第21期55-63,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：北京市科技计划资助项目(Z181100002418003);北京市农林科学院创新能力建设资助项目(KJCX20210411)。

摘　　要：选取2000、2010、2011年的数据,以华北地区周年番茄、周年辣椒、辣椒-番茄轮作3种设施农业典型种植模式为研究对象,采用设施膜面集雨软体水窖结合水肥一体化技术,研究其可行性,以期为华北地区提高降雨利用率提供参考依据。结果表明:通过集储水量与作物需水量耦合分析、水质对比分析、工程造价分析,对其技术、经济、生态效益可行性进行分析。3种种植模式下,2000年上半年各月灌溉保障率为22.2%~100.0%,2010年上半年各月灌溉保障率为35.4%~100.0%;下半年各月集储水量均能100%保障灌溉。2010年和2011年灌溉保障率分析结果表明,通过多年连续集雨蓄雨,设施膜面集雨软体水窖水肥一体化技术可实现100%保障灌溉。通过水质分析,集雨水pH、EC值低于地下水,BOD_(5)、COD_(cr)远低于再生水和地表水;相对于传统砖石水泥集雨窖,成本降低50%以上。设施膜面集雨软体水窖水肥一体化技术的应用可以实现华北地区设施农业雨养,极大提高自然降雨利用率,减轻地下水开采压力。Selecting 2000,2010,and 2011 as the studied years.Three typical planting models of facility agriculture,namely annual tomato,annual pepper,and pepper-tomato rotation in north China were used as the research objects.The feasibility of using the integrated technology of water and fertilizer combined with the soft water cellar of the facility membrane surface to collect rain had been studied,in order to provide a reference for improving rainfall utilization in North China.The results showed that through coupling analysis of water collection and storage and crop water demand,comparative analysis of water quality,analysis of project cost,etc.,the feasibility of its technical,economic and ecological benefits was analyzed.Under the three planting modes,the monthly irrigation guarantee rate in the first half of 2000 was 22.2%-100.0%,and the monthly irrigation guarantee rate in the first half of 2010 was 35.4%-100.0%;the monthly water collection and storage capacity in the second half of the year could be guaranteed 100% irrigation.The analysis results of the irrigation guarantee rate from 2010 to 2011 showed that through years of continuous rainwater collection and storage,the integrated technology of water and fertilizer for the soft water cellar of the facility membrane rainwater collection could achieve 100% guaranteed irrigation.Through water quality analysis,the pH and EC values of rainwater harvesting were lower than groundwater,and BOD_(5) and COD_(cr) were much lower than reclaimed water and surface water;compared to traditional masonry cement rain harvesting cellars,the cost is reduced by more than 50%.The application of integrated technology of water and fertilizer for rainwater harvesting and soft water cellars in facility membranes could realize rainfed in facility agriculture in north China,greatly improve the utilization rate of natural rainfall,and reduce the pressure of groundwater extraction.

关 键 词：设施农业 集雨灌溉 软体水窖 水肥一体化 

分 类 号：S62[农业科学—园艺学]