焊接残余应力计算、测试与调控的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Calculation, Measurement and Control of Welding Residual Stress

作　　者：蒋文春[1,2] 罗云[1] 万娱 金强[1] 张显程[3] 涂善东[3] JIANG Wenchun;LUO Yun;WAN Yu;JIN Qiang;ZHANG Xiancheng;TU Shantung(College of New Energy,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580;State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580;School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)新能源学院,青岛266580 [2]中国石油大学(华东)重质油国家重点实验室,青岛266580 [3]华东理工大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200237

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2021年第16期306-328,共23页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0808800);国家自然科学基金(51905545)资助项目。

摘　　要：随着全球能源结构调整及能源利用效率的提高,石化、核电等承压设备日益朝着大型化方向发展,焊接作为一种传统连接工艺,依然是大型承压设备制造的关键技术。然而,焊接不可避免带来残余应力,是引发应力腐蚀、疲劳、断裂等失效的主要原因之一,对承压设备结构完整性及安全服役产生重要影响。因此,有效调控焊接残余应力是保障大型承压设备结构完整性的关键。而焊接残余应力作为一种"看不见、摸不着"的天生缺陷,其精准的计算方法和可靠的测试手段亦是实现其科学有效调控的基础。基于国内外研究成果以及笔者研究团队的研究工作,系统总结了近半个世纪以来在焊接残余应力计算、测试及调控等方面所取得的研究进展,分析工艺、材料与结构仿真三位一体的焊接残余应力集成计算方法研究现状,详细梳理各类焊接残余应力测试方法,总结其优缺点,而后对残余应力调控方法进行分类阐述,重点阐述了最近新出现的残余应力调控方法,并展望发展趋势。With the adjustment of global energy structure and the improvement of energy efficiency, modern petrochemical and other industrial equipment is increasingly developing towards the direction of large-scale. Welding, as a traditional connection process, is still the key manufacture technology of modern industrial equipment. However, welding inevitably brings tensile residual stress, which is the main reason for the failure of welding structure, such as stress corrosion, fatigue and fracture, and has an important impact on the structural integrity and safety service of pressure equipment. Therefore, the effective control m of welding residual stress is the key to ensure the structural integrity of large pressure equipment. As a kind of "invisible and untouchable" natural defect, the accurate calculation method and reliable measurement methods of welding residual stress are also the basis of scientific and effective control. In this paper, based on the research achievements in the field of welding residual stress domestic and foreign, this study summarized the research progress in residual stress calculation, measurement and control nearly half a century. The research status of the integrated calculation method for welding residual stress combining process, material and structure simulation is analyzed. Various welding residual stress testing methods are reviewed in detail, and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized. Then, the regulation methods of residual stress are classified and described, with emphasis on the newly emerged regulation methods of residual stress. Finally, the development trend in the field of welding residual stress calculation, measurement and control is prospected.

关 键 词：承压设备 焊接残余应力 计算 测试 调控 

分 类 号：TG404[金属学及工艺—焊接]