格鲁吉亚的历史记忆:国家发展转型中的精神全景与细节  

Georgia’s Historical Memories:Spiritual Panorama and Details of a Country’s Development and Transition

作　　者：石靖 吴大辉[2,3] Shi Jing;Wu Dahui

机构地区：[1]清华大学国际与地区研究院 [2]清华大学俄罗斯研究院 [3]清华大学国际关系学系

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2021年第5期79-110,共32页Russian Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“国际秩序重构中俄罗斯转型的作用与影响”(项目批准号:12JJD810022)的研究成果。

摘　　要：从宗教视角审视格鲁吉亚国家的发展转型时,不难发现,基督教的传承与格鲁吉亚国家的历史形成休戚相关,二者之间的关系稳定且紧密。这可以理解为悠久、独特的宗教传统已被格鲁吉亚人升华为有关国家性共同认知的重要内容。中世纪前期,基督教的传播和接纳成为重要的趋近因素,对高加索山脉南麓地域分散的不同王国产生了聚合性影响,奠定了格鲁吉亚集体记忆的历史基底。中世纪后期,特别是在国家统一繁荣的"黄金时代"之后,遭受外部影响的精神记忆仍然被视作格鲁吉亚国家独特性、忍耐力的支撑因素,并在特定历史转型时期发挥着连接传统和指向未来的特别功用。俄国时期,以维护格鲁吉亚民族和国家记忆为中心的启蒙运动,与通过包括宗教手段推行"俄罗斯化"的政策实践相互拒斥,在格鲁吉亚地域上产出了特殊的互动效果。在当前国家转型背景下,格鲁吉亚的历史记忆被再次激活,重视历史传统与强调国家独立、完整以及追求以欧洲为导向的政治实践交织在一起。精神记忆已成为当代格鲁吉亚可动用的常态化的"国家储备",并将继续作为服务国家发展转型、体现其路标选择合理性的有效工具。Putting the historic evolution of Georgia in order by taking religious factors as the logical thread,it is not difficult to find that the inheritance of Christianity and the history of Georgia have been solidified as a set of stable and close relations.This could be understood as a long and unique religious tradition,which has been ascended by Georgians as an important national perception.In the early Middle Ages,the spread and acceptance of Christianity,as an important approaching factor,had convergent influences on different kingdoms scattered in the southern Caucasus Mountains,laying the historic foundation for Georgian collective memory.In the late Middle Ages,after the"Golden Era"of national unity and prosperity,mental memories under external influences,as a supporting factor for the uniqueness and endurance of Georgia,still played a special role in connecting traditions and pointing to the future.During the Russian period,the enlightenment,centered on preserving the memory of Georgia both as a nation and a country,was mutually exclusive with the practice of"Russification"through religious means,had special effects on Georgia.In the current context,Georgia’s historic memory is activated,emphasizing historic tradition intertwined with valuing national independence,integrity,and pursuit of European-orientation.Memory,as an important bargaining chip available to contemporary Georgia,will continue to serve as a tool for the country’s development and embody the rationality of its choices and judgments.

关 键 词：格鲁吉亚 历史记忆 精神记忆 发展转型 

分 类 号：D73[政治法律—政治学]