泡沫玻璃用于建筑外表被动蒸发降温的模拟实验研究  

Imitational Experiment Study on Passive Evaporative Cooling of Foam Glass Used on Building Exterior

作　　者：徐杭 冉茂宇[1,2] XU Hang;RAN Maoyu(School of Architecture,Huaqiao University,Xiamen 361021,Fujian,China;Xiamen Key Laboratory of Ecological Building Construction,Xiamen 361021,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学建筑学院,福建厦门361021 [2]厦门市生态建筑营造重点实验室,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《建筑科学》2021年第10期66-74,共9页Building Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于空调冷凝水回收利用的建筑外表多孔质蒸发与植被绿化降温技术研究”(51678254)。

摘　　要：在建筑外表利用多孔材料含水蒸发可以起到被动降温节能效果,为了探究泡沫玻璃类型及颜色对其被动蒸发降温性能的影响,选取通孔灰色泡沫玻璃、闭孔黑色和白色泡沫玻璃、红色饰面磁砖、灰色加气混凝土5种无机多孔材料,首先在常温环境下对比测试了它们充分浸泡后的体积保水量,然后将材料同时贴挂于绝热块上,分别模拟建筑东、西向和水平向,在夏季气候条件下对比测试了它们水分逐时蒸发量及贴附界面和材料外表的温度变化。结论表明:1)多孔材料的体积保水量可衡量材料的蒸发降温效果,通孔泡沫玻璃的体积保水量是闭孔泡沫玻璃的2.5~3倍;2)多孔材料的水分蒸发量昼间多而夜间极少,主要受室外太阳辐射影响,与太阳辐射量呈正相关;3)材料颜色对蒸发降温效果有较大影响,浅色或白色有助于材料减少对太阳辐射的吸收从而减少水蒸发量,维持较长时间的蒸发降温效果。通孔白色泡沫玻璃是适合用于建筑外表被动蒸发的多孔材料,且干燥后还有很好的隔热降温效果。The porous materials for evaporative cooling used on the building exterior can achieve passive cooling and energy saving effects.To explore the influence of the color of foam glass on its passive evaporation cooling performance,this paper selects through-hole gray foam glass,closed-cell black and white foam glass,red facing tile,gray aerated concrete.First,the five inorganic porous materials were compared and tested for their water storage capacity after being fully immersed at room temperature,then the materials were attached to the thermal insulation block at the same time to imitate the building’s west and east facades and horizontal roof.In the summer climate conditions,the water evaporation amounts and the temperature changes of the material veneer and appearance were tested.The conclusions show that:1)The volumetric water retention rate of porous material can measure the material’s evaporation and cooling effect.The volumetric water retention rate of through-cell foam glass is 2.5~3 times that of closed-cell foam glass;2)There’s more amount of water evaporation of porous materials during the day than that at night,which is mainly affected by outdoor solar radiation and positively correlated with solar radiation;3)The color of the material has a great influence on the evaporation and cooling effect.The light color or white color helps the material not only reduce the absorption of solar radiation but also reduce the amount of water evaporation and maintain the evaporation and cooling effect for a longer time.Through-hole white foam glass is a porous material suitable for passive evaporation on the building exterior,and it has good thermal insulation and cooling effect after drying.

关 键 词：多孔材料 泡沫玻璃 体积保水量 蒸发降温 

分 类 号：TU111.19[建筑科学—建筑理论]