实验室挥发性有机物意外泄露的应急通风方式研究  

Research on Emergency Ventilation Strategies for Accidentally Released VOC in Laboratory

作　　者：姜颖 贺习之 闫文昀 陈毅兴 JIANG Ying;HE Xizhi;YAN Wenyun;CHEN Yixing(College of Civil Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410082 [2]湖南大学建筑安全与节能教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《建筑科学》2021年第10期122-131,共10页Building Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目“基于GIS数据的中国城市建筑群能耗模型自动生成方法—以长沙的办公建筑为例”(51908204)。

摘　　要：挥发性有机化合物广泛应用于各种化学实验室。实验室挥发性有机化合物的意外泄露,会在短时间内释放大量有害物质到空气中,使实验人员面临安全风险。实验室的通风系统,除考虑正常情况下的人员舒适性要求,还应考虑紧急情况下保障人员安全的应急通风方式。本文以实验室苯意外泄露为例,通过CONTAMW软件建立了多区域网络通风模型,分析房间门、窗和空调系统的开闭组合情况,探讨污染物排除的最优通风策略。结果表明,仅采用机械通风,必须关闭所有非污染源房间的空调系统,才能有效排除污染源房间的污染物,并避免其他房间受到污染。仅采用自然通风时,要控制门窗的开启策略,使各房间形成穿堂风,才能加快排除污染物,但人员撤离存在一定风险。机械通风和自然通风同时使用时,采用可形成穿堂风的门窗开启策略,不仅有助于保护污染物泄露初期人员撤离的安全,也可加快人员撤离后的污染物排除速度。我们在未来将继续研究实验室通风系统的优化设计与自动应急控制。Volatile organic compounds are widely used in various chemical laboratories.Accidental leakage of volatile organic compounds in laboratories can release a large number of hazardous substances into the air in a short period of time,which could bring safety risks to the laboratory personnel.In addition to considering the comfort requirements under normal circumstances,the ventilation system of the laboratory should also consider the emergency ventilation methods to ensure the safety of personnel in emergencies.This study presented a case study to evaluate the removal effectiveness of different ventilation strategies on the dilution of accidentally released benzene in a laboratory.Multi-zone network models were created using CONTAMW for a laboratory.Natural ventilation was studied with different combinations of door and window opening statuses.The results showed that only when mechanical ventilation was used,the benzene removal rate of the targeted space with pollution sources can be improved by closing the ventilation system of other rooms.When there was only natural ventilation,the formation of cross-ventilation by opening specified doors and windows can effectively remove the pollutants.When both mechanical and natural ventilation existed,a strategy that can form cross-ventilation should be adopted,which could help protect the evacuated personnel at the initial stage of contaminant leakage but also accelerate the rate of contaminant removal after personnel evacuation.In the future,the optimized design of ventilation systems for laboratories and automatic emergency control of laboratory ventilation system will be further studied.

关 键 词：实验室 挥发性有机物 CONTAMW 通风策略 意外泄露 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]