水稻粒型调控研究进展  

Research progress on rice grain size control

作　　者：宋露 何明良 刘颖湘 卜庆云[1] 李秀峰[1] 王臻昱[1] 田晓杰[1] SONG Lu;HE Mingliang;LIU Yingxiang;BU Qingyun;LI Xiufeng;WANG Zhenyu;TIAN Xiaojie(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2021年第4期363-372,共10页Soils and Crops

基　　金：中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2021229);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31801017).

摘　　要：水稻粒型是重要的农艺性状之一,包括粒长、粒宽、粒厚和长宽比。成熟的种子由胚、胚乳、种皮(果皮)构成,他们分别由受精卵、中央细胞和母体珠被发育而来。因此,种子大小由母体和合子组织等因素协调控制。而水稻种子最外层的颖壳是禾本科植物特有的器官,它为水稻种子的生长设置了一个最大的上限。目前多个信号途径通过调控水稻颖壳的发育调控水稻粒型,主要包括:泛素-蛋白酶体途径、G蛋白信号途径、丝裂原激活蛋白激酶信号途径、植物激素和转录因子等调控途径。将粒型的基础研究转化为实践应用,对于作物产量的提高具有十分重要的意义。本文总结了水稻粒型调控研究进展,重点评述了近年来新发现的几种调控因子的遗传和分子机制。Grain size is one of the important agronomic traits,including grain length,grain width,grain thickness,and length width ratio.A mature seed consists of the embryo,the endosperm and the seed coat(pericarp),which develops from the zygote,the fertilized central cell and the maternal integuments,respectively.Grain size is therefore coordinately controlled by the growth of maternal and zygotic tissues.The spikelet hull of rice is a unique organ of gramineous plants,which sets a maximum limit for the size of rice seed.At present,several signaling pathways that determine rice seed size by influencing the spikelet hull growth have been identified,including the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway,the G-protein signaling pathway,the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway,phytohormones and transcriptional regulatory factors.It is of great significance to transform the basic research of grain size into practical application for the improvement of crop yield.In this review,we summarized the research progress of rice grain size control,with particular emphasis on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of several newly identified regulators of grain size in rice.

关 键 词：水稻 粒型 粒型调控 信号途径 

分 类 号：Q756[生物学—分子生物学] S511[农业科学—作物学]