典型台风暴雨情景下洪涝过程模拟分析  

Simulation and analysis of flood process under typical typhoon rainstorm scenarios

作　　者：燕文昌 刘家宏[1] 梅超[1] 冯杰[1] 杨志勇[1] 付潇然 张东杰 YAN Wenchang;LIU Jiahong;MEI Chao;FENG Jie;YANG Zhiyong;FU Xiaoran;ZHANG Dongjie(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Faculty of Architecture,Civil and Transportation Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]北京工业大学城市建设学部,北京100124

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2021年第10期12-23,共12页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51739011,51979285);流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室团队课题(SKL2020ZY03)。

摘　　要：2018年台风“温比亚”和2019年台风“利奇马”对我国东部沿海地区造成了广泛影响,给地处山东东北部渤海湾的东营市带来严重的暴雨洪涝灾害,两场台风期间降雨历时分别为22 h和43 h,全市平均降水分别为250.4 mm和342.2 mm,均超过东营市百年一遇暴雨级别,连续两年刷新当地多个雨量站历史极值。针对现有洪涝监测体系仅关注重点断面或区域、无法全面系统地反映洪涝过程,且两场台风暴雨在当地均为现象级、洪涝监测系统难以全程有效监测的问题,为了深入认识和分析台风暴雨极端情景下东营当地洪涝特性,选取SWMM构建东营市暴雨洪水模型,对两场台风暴雨期间的洪涝过程进行模拟再现。结果显示:两场台风暴雨模拟结果的径流演算连续性误差分别为1.076%和0.692%,流量演算连续性误差为-0.135%和-0.004%,模拟结果较合理。结果表明:两场台风暴雨产流量分别为5.7亿m^(3)和7.6亿m^(3),重点河道断面水位涨幅在1.2~2.6 m之间,未发生溢流现象;中心城区典型易涝点分别有35处和38处产生积水,管网平均满管率为87.4%和97.5%。两场台风期间,河道水位处于安全状态,表明河道行洪调蓄能力较好;管网节点多处产生溢流积水、管道满管率较高,说明管网排水能力有限不足以应对高强度台风暴雨。为应对未来台风暴雨,应保持对河道的疏浚维护,进一步加强中心城区的防涝排涝能力。Typhoon Rumbia in 2018 and Super Typhoon Lekima in 2019 had a wide impact on China′s eastern coastal area.Dongying,located in the northeast of Shandong Province and close to the Bohai Bay,which suffered severely from the two typhoons′rainstorm and flood.The rainfall duration of the two typhoons was 22 hours and 43 hours respectively,and the whole city′s average precipitation was 250.4 mm and 342.2 mm,both exceeding the 100-year rainstorm level in Dongying and refreshing the historical extreme values of several local rainfall stations for two consecutive years.The existing flood monitoring system only focuses on the key sections or areas,so it is unable to comprehensively and systematically understand the flood characteristics.And it is difficult for the flood monitoring system to effectively monitor the whole process,because the two typhoons and rainstorms are phenomenon level in the local area.In order to understand and analyze the local flood characteristics of Dongying under extreme typhoon rainstorm scenarios,SWMM is used to construct the rainstorm and flood model of Dongying,which simulates and reproduces the flood process of the two typhoon rainstorms.According to the simulation results of two typhoon rainstorms,the flow routing continuity errors are 1.076%and 0.692%,and the runoff quantity continuity errors are-0.135%and-0.004%.The results can be considered reasonable.The simulation results show that the two typhoons produced runoff of 570 million m^(3) and 760 million m^(3) respectively.The water level rise of key river sections was between 1.2 m to 2.6 m,but no overflow occurred.There were 35 and 38 typical waterlogging prone points ponding in the central urban area respectively,and the average full pipe rates of the pipe network were 87.4%and 97.5%.During the two typhoons,the river level was in a safe state,indicating that the river′s flood storage capacity was good.There were many pipe nodes occurring overflow and ponding,and the pipe full rate was at a high state.It shows that the drainage cap

关 键 词：台风暴雨 洪涝模拟 SWMM 台风“温比亚” 台风“利奇马” 径流 洪水 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]