20个新选玉米自交系产量和穗部性状配合力及其相关性研究  

Combining Ability of Yield and Ear Characters and Their Correlation About Twenty New Bred Maize Inbred Lines

作　　者：罗黎明[1] 蒋辅燕 高连彰 和永昌 汪燕芬[1] 吴海兰 毕亚琪 尹兴福 何永健 包改丽 姚文华[1] 徐春霞[1] 王晶 陈洪梅[1] LUO Li-ming;JIANG Fu-yan;GAO Lian-zhang;HE Yong-chang;WANG Yan-fen;WU Hai-lan;BI Ya-qi;YIN Xing-fu;HE Yong-jian;BAO Gai-li;YAO Wen-hua;XU Chun-xia;WANG Jing;CHEN Hong-mei(Institute of Food Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agocultural Sciences,Yunnan Kunming 650205,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Xuanwei,Yunnan Xuanwei 655400,China;Yunnan Tianrui Seed Co.,Ltd.,Yunnan Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]宣威市农业技术推广中心,云南宣威655400 [3]云南田瑞种业有限公司,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第10期2084-2092,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省省级“放管服”科研项目(2019-1-N-25318000002229);云南省产业技术领军人才专项;云南省重大科技专项计划“绿色、高效玉米新品种选育及产业化示范”项目(202102AE090023)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究最新选育的20个玉米自交系的产量及穗部性状配合力及其相关性。【方法】本研究采用NC-Ⅱ遗传交配设计,用20个新选玉米自交系为被测系和5个测验种配制100个杂交组合,在2种不同生态条件下鉴定,对其产量和穗部性状配合力进行分析,以评价新选玉米自交系的综合应用潜力。【结果】组合、被测系、测验种、被测系×测验种间各性状均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),除穗长、穗粗、穗行数和出籽率外,其余穗部性状在不同地点间的差异达极显著水平(P<0.01);自交系L1、L2、L3、L4、L6、L7和L17产量一般配合力(GCA)为极显著正值;本试验中10个强优势组合T1×L3、T5×L17、T1×L2、T3×L8、T4×L1、T4×L13、T4×L15、T1×L19、T5×L6和T5×L16的特殊配合力(SCA)均达极显著水平,这些组合大多是硬粒型×马齿型(半马齿型)或马齿型(半马齿型)×硬粒型;各参试组合的穗长、穗粗、行粒数和百粒重等穗部性状GCA与产量一般配合力GCA的相关性为显著正相关,而穗行数和出籽率与产量的GCA效应之间无显著相关关系,表明玉米穗长、穗粗、行粒数和百粒重等穗部性状对玉米产量的提高有明显贡献。【结论】本研究表明20个新选玉米自交系中L1、L2、L3、L4、L6、L7和L17的产量和穗部性状配合力综合表现优良,具有较高的育种利用潜力。【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the combining ability and the correlation of yield and ear characters of twenty new bred maize inbred lines.【Method】NC-Ⅱmating design was applied in this research,twenty new bred maize inbred lines were crossed with five testers for obtaining 100 crosses.The utilization potential of crosses were evaluated through the analysis of combining ability and ear characters in two different ecological environment in Yunnan province.【Result】The result showed that all the ear characters were showed extremely significant level(P<0.01)at the cross,line,tester and line×tester,in addition to ear length,ear diameter,row ear number and kernel rate,the differences of ear characters between different locations were extremely significant level(P<0.01).The inbred lines with high significant yield general combining ability(GCA)effects were L1,L2,L3,L4,L6,L7 and L17.Among the top ten strong heterotic combinations,T1×L3,T5×L17,T1×L2,T3×L8,T4×L1,T4×L13,T4×L15,T1×L19,T5×L6 and T5×L16 had showed high significant special combining ability(SCA),most of those crosses were Flint×Dent(Semi-dent)or Dent(Semi-dent)×Flint.Correlation analysis showed that the GCA effects of maize ear characters such as ear length,ear diameter,kernel row number and weight per 100 kernels had significantly positive correlation to the yield GCA,however,row ear number and kernel rate hadnot significant correlation with the yield GCA,the results showed that ear length,ear diameter,kernel row number and weight per 100 kernels had significant contributions to maize yield improvement.【Conclusion】According to our comprehensive analysis on the combining ability of yield and ear characters of 20 new bred inbred lines,seven lines L1,L2,L3,L4,L6,L7 and L17 showed higher utilization potential in the future maize breeding.

关 键 词：玉米 新自交系 性状 配合力 相关性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]