广西石漠化地区核桃主要病害调查及病原菌鉴定  

Investigation and Pathogen Identification of Main Diseases of Walnut in Karst Areas in Guangxi

作　　者：林珊宇[1] 朱桂宁[1] 贤小勇[1] 韦小妹 黎柳锋[1] 李慈代 韦名壮 韦爱娜 韦艺 黄明金 韦桥现[1] 廖仁昭[1] LIN Shan-yu;ZHU Gui-ning;XIAN Xiao-yong;WEI Xiao-mei;LI Liu-feng;LI Ci-dai;WEI Ming-zhuang;WEI Ai-na;WEI Yi;HUANG Ming-jin;WEI Qiao-xian;LIAO Ren-zhao(Plant Protection Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests,Guangxi Nanning 530007,China;Walnut Research Center of Fengshan County,Guangxi Fengshan 547600,China;Tian’e Forestry Bureau,GuangxiTian'e 547300,China;Donglan Forestry Bureau,Guangxi Donglan 547400,China;Walnut Institute of Hechi City,Guangxi Hechi 547000,China;Walnut Industry Development Center of Nandan County,Guangxi Nandan 547200,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院植物保护研究所/广西作物病虫害生物学重点实验室,广西南宁530007 [2]凤山县核桃科研开发中心,广西凤山547600 [3]天峨县林业局,广西天峨547300 [4]东兰县林业局,广西东兰547400 [5]河池市核桃研究所,广西河池547000 [6]南丹县核桃产业发展中心,广西南丹547200

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第10期2158-2166,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西创新驱动发展专项(桂科AA17204058-15);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT063)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确广西石漠化地区核桃主要病害种类,为其综合防控提供科学依据。【方法】调查广西河池市凤山县、东兰县、巴马县、天峨县、南丹县、环江县和金城江区等石漠化地区核桃病害的发生情况,并采集病害标本进行病原菌形态学特征观察;采用组织分离法分离病原菌,进行离体或活体接种确定其致病性,结合部分病原菌rDNA-ITS序列测定分析,鉴定主要病害的病原菌。【结果】广西石漠化地区核桃主要病害有胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)引起的炭疽病,链格孢菌(Alternaria sp.)引起的黑斑病,胡桃楸拟茎点霉(Phomopsis juglandina)、多隔镰刀菌(Fusarium decemcellulare)和禾谷镰刀菌(F.graminearum)引起的枝枯病,葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)引起的溃疡病,腐皮镰刀菌(F.solani)和尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)引起的根腐病及胡桃球针壳(Phyllactinia juglandis)引起的白粉病。其中,多隔镰刀菌和禾谷镰刀菌引起核桃枝枯病为首次发现。核桃炭疽病可为害核桃的叶片、芽、嫩梢和果实;黑斑病可为害叶片、嫩梢和果实的青皮;枯枝病可为害小枝(尤其是1年生嫩枝);溃疡病可为害核桃树干及主侧枝基部;根腐病可为害根部;白粉病为害叶片。【结论】广西石漠化地区核桃主要病害有6种,其中发生最严重的是炭疽病,其次是黑斑病和枯枝病,生产上需重点防控。其他病害总体上发生较轻,但在局部地区发生严重时也需进行防控。【Objective】The main diseases of walnut in karst areas in Guangxi were investigated and identified in order to provide scientific basis for integrating management of them.【Method】The occurrences of walnut diseases were investigated in Fengshan County,Donglan County,Bama County,Tian’e County,Nandan County,Huanjiang County and Jinchengjiang District in Hechi City,the karst areas in Guangxi.Disease samples were collected for morphological characteristics observation and tissue isolation.The pathogens of the main diseases were identified based on the tissue isolation,the micro-examination and the pathogenicity determined by inoculating walnut in vitro or in vivo,supplementing the analysis of rDNA-ITS sequence for some pathogens.【Result】The main diseases of walnut in the karst areas in Guangxi were identified as anthracnose(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides),black-spot(Alternaria sp.),branch dieback(Phomopsis juglandina,Fusarium decemcellulare and F.graminearum),canker(Botryosphaeria dothidea),root rot(F.solani,F.oxysporum)and powdery mildew(Phyllactinia juglandis).F.decemcellulare and F.graminearum cause branch dieback on walnut were first reported in this paper.C.gloeosporioides could cause walnut anthracnose on leaves,buds,twigs and fruits;While Alternaria sp.could form black-spot on green husk,leaves and twigs;P.juglandis,F.decemcellulare and F.graminearum could cause branch dieback,especially 1-year-old twigs;B.dothidea could cause canker on trunk and the base of branch;F.solani and F.oxysporum could cause root rot;and P.juglandis could form powdery mildew on leaves.【Conclusion】There are 6 main diseases of walnut in karst areas in Guangxi.The most serious is anthracnose,followed by black spot and branch dieback,thus more attention should be paied to manage these diseases.Other diseases are relatively mild,but also need to control when they are serious in some areas.

关 键 词：核桃 病原菌 鉴定 石漠化地区 广西 

分 类 号：S432.4[农业科学—植物病理学]