粉末性能对3D打印18Ni300模具钢性能的影响  

Properties of 3D Printed 18Ni300 Die Steel Influenced by Powder Properties

作　　者：尹冬凡 胡强 张金辉 王志刚 郑明月 赵新明 Yin Dongfan;Hu Qiang;Zhang Jinhui;Wang Zhigang;Zheng Mingyue;Zhao Xinming(General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,Beijing 100088,2.GRIPM Advanced Materials Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101407,China;Beijing COMPO Advanced Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101417,China)

机构地区：[1]有研科技集团有限公司,北京100088 [2]有研粉末新材料股份有限公司,北京101407 [3]北京康普锡威科技有限公司,北京101417

出　　处：《稀有金属》2021年第9期1070-1076,共7页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：北京市科委技术委员会市区两级重大紧迫任务科技支撑项目(Z181100009818004)资助。

摘　　要：利用3D打印(选区激光熔化成型工艺)制备了高致密度的18Ni300模具钢成型件,研究了粉末粒度及分布、松装密度对成型件致密度和力学性能的影响。采用排水法测量了成型件的致密度,使用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、夏比摆锤冲击试验机和万能试验机等观察了金相组织和断口形貌,测量了成型件的力学性能。结果表明:在激光功率80 W、铺粉层厚20μm、扫描速度1600 mm?s^(-1)、扫描间距0.03 mm的3D打印参数条件下,粉末松装密度基本一致时,粉末粒度越小,成型件的致密度和综合力学性能越高;若中位径D_(50)和松装密度都接近,粗粉含量少、分布窄的粉末成型后致密度更高;在粉末中位径D_(50)基本一致的情况下,粉末松装密度越高,成型件致密度和力学性能越高;粉末粒度对成型件致密度的影响大于松装密度的影响。实验使用的5种粉中,试样A粉的中位径为22.37μm、松装密度为4.14 g·cm^(-3),3D打印成型件致密度最高、力学性能最好,致密度为99.867%,抗拉强度1219 MPa,延伸率15.5%,冲击吸收能量59 J。Mold products can maintain high accuracy and strong consistency with high productivity,while the mold itself consumes poor properties,so the development prospect in the industrial field is very broad.The core technology of the direct molding method is additive that can be directly used by selective laser melting.At present,the domestic research mostly focuses on the optimization of the forming parameters,and the research on the relationship between the process and the properties of powder materials is not common.Therefore,the ence of the powder’s own properties on the molding quality was investigated,and the proportion was re-matched according to the proportion of the original powder.Four groups of mixed powders containing:the mixed powders without coarse powder for Group A,the mixed powders have both coarse and fine powder for Group B,the mixed powders with no coarse powder and fine powder for Group C and the mixed powders have no fine powder for Group D.According to the previous experiment,the process parameters that laser power as 80W,by the drainage method and the density was calculated.The metallographic structure of the sample was analyzed with optical microscope The median diameter of Sample A powder was closest to the layer thickness,and the sample strip had the highest density,with a density of ameter of the original powder and the powder of Sample B were close,and the relative density of the molded parts was close,respectively,99.510% and 99.669%,but the particle size distribution was different.The particle size distribution of Sample B was narrow and the D90 lowest,98.897%,which was about 1% less than that of the molded Part A.Sample A had the least pore number and the smallest pores large number of pores,due to the insufficient amount of fine powder,the ability to fill the voids between particles was poor,and the pores powder that remained on the forming platform was small,it caused the effective powder amount insufficient during molding,resulting in the original powder,but the apparent density of S

关 键 词：粉末性能 选区激光熔化成型 18Ni300模具钢 粒度及分布 松装密度 

分 类 号：TB03[一般工业技术]