甲烷燃烧贵金属催化剂研究新进展  

New Research Progress on Precious Metal Catalysts for Methane Combustion

作　　者：郭淼鑫 杜君臣 李红 张秀娟 张爱敏[2] 赵云昆[2] Guo Miaoxin;Du Junchen;Li Hong;Zhang Xiujuan;Zhang Aimin;Zhao Yunkun(Kunming SinoPrecious Metals Technology Co.,Ltd,Kunming 650106,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metal,Kunming Institute of Precious Metals,Kunming 650106,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明贵研新材料科技有限公司,云南昆明650106 [2]昆明贵金属研究所稀贵金属综合利用新技术国家重点实验室,云南昆明650106

出　　处：《稀有金属》2021年第9期1133-1147,共15页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项项目(2019ZE001-2);云南省应用基础研究计划项目(2017FB143);移动源污染排放控制技术国家工程实验室开放基金项目(NELMS2017C02);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0204902)资助。

摘　　要：采用替代性清洁燃料和安装排放后处理装置是目前控制和削减内燃机汽车尾气污染物排放的最有效手段。天然气被认为是极具替代潜力的清洁燃料,然而其中未燃烧的甲烷会造成严重的温室效应。甲烷具有稳定的正四面体结构、C-H键难于被活化断裂,因此成为天然气车的排放控制焦点和研究热点。以贵金属为活性组分的贵金属催化剂显示出比非贵金属催化剂更强的甲烷催化氧化活性,耐水、耐硫和耐高温性能,是实现甲烷充分燃烧的主流催化材料。最新出台的轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段)更严格地限制了尾气中污染物的排放,为新一代天然气车用高效尾气净化催化剂的研发提供借鉴和参考,本文重点围绕催化活性提升和耐水、耐硫性能增强等,综述了近10年来国内外在甲烷燃烧贵金属催化剂方面的最新研究进展,并提出负载在掺杂了过渡金属或稀土元素的三维有序大孔或介孔材料上的Pd基双金属和多金属催化剂将成为未来尾气净化催化剂活性、稳定性提升的主要方向。Automotive vehicles not only facilitate human life and promote industrial development,but also bring serious environmental pollution problems,such as acid rain,photochemical smog,ozone layer destruction,haze and greenhouse effect and other extreme weather phenomena.The use of alternative clean fuels and the installation of aftertreatment devices are currently the most effective means of controlling and reducing exhaust emissions from internal combustion engine vehicles.As a high-quality,high-efficiency,green and environmentally friendly low-carbon energy,natural gas can form a benign complement to the development of renewable energy,and it is the only bridge connecting traditional fossil energy and renewable energy.Due to its abundant reserves,low price,low pollutant emissions,and good safety,natural gas has also become the most potential alternative clean fuel in the transportation field.Nowadays,compressed and liquefied natural gas(CNG and LNG)has brought huge environmental and economic benefits to more than 28.54 million vehicles worldwide,from heavy-duty buses and trucks to light buses.China’s natural gas vehicle technology is relatively mature,and it has become the country with the largest number of natural gas vehicles(NGV)in the world for several consecutive years.Under the multiple driving forces of energy structure optimization,environmental pollution control and climate change constraints,NGV also have a high development potential in the future.Although natural gas is considered the cleanest hydrocarbon fuel,unburned methane in the exhaust from NGV is the focus and difficulty of emission pollution control.Methane is more difficult to be oxidized than other unconverted hydrocarbons derived from gasoline.This is due to the highly stable C-H bond(450 kJ·mol^(-1))in the nonpolar CH_(4) molecule,which makes it difficult to adsorb on the catalyst surface.As a result,a higher reaction temperature is required to activate CH_(4) molecules(the theoretical ignition temperature of CH_(4) is 538 ℃).However,the

关 键 词：甲烷 天然气车 尾气净化 贵金属催化剂 钯 

分 类 号：TG146.3[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]