绿肥油菜与棉花复种对土壤养分、土壤微生物及棉花产量的影响  

The effects of rapeseed green manure on soil nutrient content,soil microorganism and cotton yield

作　　者：董章辉[1] 王虎[1] 张艳丽[1] 赵丽芬[1] 眭书祥 李增书[1] 朱青竹[1] DONG Zhanghui;WANG Hu;ZHANG Yanli;ZHAO Lifen;SUI Shuxiang;LI Zengshu;ZHU Qingzhu(Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050041,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄市农林科学研究院,河北石家庄050041

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2021年第6期37-44,共8页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(20326410D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系项目(HBCT2018040206);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-15-27).

摘　　要：油菜作绿肥在我国已有广泛应用,本研究在油菜翻压后复种棉花,分析绿肥油菜对土壤营养成分、微生物菌落结构和棉花生长情况的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,油菜压青使土壤中有机质、有效磷、速效钾、全氮和碱解氮在棉花生长的不同时期均有不同程度提高;其中,有机质、有效磷和速效钾提高更明显,提高最大幅度分别达到11.94%(蕾期)、24.11%(蕾期)和11.89%(苗期),均达到显著/极显著水平。油菜压青提高了土壤微生物菌群多样性,其中真菌比细菌提高明显;在门分类水平上,细菌的蓝藻菌门(Cyanobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和真菌的球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)相对丰度显著提高,细菌的Acidobacteriota门和真菌的被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)显著降低;在纲分类水平上,细菌的浮霉菌纲(Planctomycetes)和真菌的粪壳菌纲(Sordariomycetes)、球囊菌纲(Glomeromycetes)相对丰度显著提高,细菌的Vicinamibacteria纲和真菌的散囊菌纲(Eurotiomycetes)显著降低。在保持棉花品质没有明显变化的情况下,油菜压青使棉花产量显著提高,籽棉增产205.50 kg/hm^(2),增产幅度达到5.09%。Rapeseed planting as green manure has been widely used in China recently years.The research was conducted to explore the effects of rapeseed green manure on soil nutrients,microorganism community and the growth of cotton in the next crop.The result showed that the organic matter,available P,available K,total N and available N were all increased compared with the control,especially the organic matter,available P and available K,of which,the maximum improvement reached 11.94%(bud stage),24.11%(bud stage)and 11.89%(seedling stage)respectively.Compared with the control,the diversity of bacteria and fungi in soil were improved and reached significant level for fungi.The microorganism community composition was affected by returning rapeseed to field.At the Phylum level,Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteriota of bacteria and Glomeromycota of fungi were increased significantly,and Acidobacteriota of bacteria and Mortierellomycota of fungi were reduced significantly.At the Class level,Planctomycetes of bacteria and Sordariomycetes and Glomeromycetes of fungi were increased significantly and Vicinamibacteria of bacteria and Eurotiomycetes of fungi were reduced significantly.Quality being equal,yield of cotton was increased by 205.50 kg/hm^(2)(5.09%)and reached the significant level.

关 键 词：绿肥油菜 棉花 土壤养分 细菌 真菌 

分 类 号：S142.9[农业科学—肥料学]