莲的离体快速繁殖技术  

In Vitro Rapid Propagation of Nelumbo nucifera

作　　者：熊雅倩 邓显豹 张会会 杨东[1,3] 孙恒[1] 刘娟 杨美 Yaqian Xiong;Xianbao Deng;Huihui Zhang;Dong Yang;Heng Sun;Juan Liu;Mei Yang(Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture,Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430074,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Center of Economic Botany,Core Botanical Gardens,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院武汉植物园植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室,武汉430074 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院核心植物园(武汉),协同中心,成汉430074

出　　处：《植物学报》2021年第5期605-613,共9页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

基　　金：中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划(No.QYZDB-SSW-SMC017);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(No.2017390);国家自然科学基金(No.31772353,No.31872136)。

摘　　要：以莲(Nelumbonucifera)授粉后18天的莲子胚芽为外植体,通过初代培养、继代培养和炼苗移栽,建立了莲离体快速繁殖体系。结果表明,将胚芽外植体诱导出无菌苗的最适初代培养基为MS固体培养基添加0.5 mg·L^(-1) 6-BA、0.5 mg·L^(-1)NAA、30 g·L^(-1)蔗糖、0.5 g·L^(-1)活性炭和0.8 g·L^(-1)琼脂,培养60天诱导率高于85%,其中秋红阳走茎节数最多(3.9)。最佳继代培养基为将初代培养基中的蔗糖浓度提高到80g·L^(-1),走茎采用两节一切的分苗切法,无菌苗可50天继代1次,最多可继代6次,不同品种的增殖系数介于4.0–6.7之间,以秋红阳最高(6.7)。于5–7月将生根的走茎无菌苗移栽入泥炭:塘泥=1:2(v/v)的混合基质中进行培养,成活率均大于83.9%。采用上述快繁技术,理论上1个莲子胚芽经过近1年可繁殖出种苗1 465株。该研究建立了莲的离体快繁技术体系,可为莲种苗的规模化生产提供技术支持。Using fresh embryos isolated from developing lotus seeds of 18 days after pollination as explants, a rapid propagation system of lotus was established through primary culture, subculture plantlets hardening and transplantation.Results showed that the primary culture medium of MS+0.5 mg·L^(-1)6-BA+0.5 mg·L^(-1)NAA+30 g·L^(-1)sucrose+0.5 g·L^(-1)activated carbon+0.8 g·L^(-1)agar was the optimum for the explant growth. The explant induction rate was up to 85% after cultured for 60 days, Qiuhongyang had the highest amount of stem nodes. In the subculture, the optimal concentration of sucrose in the medium was 80 g·L^(-1). When dividing aseptic seedling for subculture, cutting with two stem nodes showed the highest multiplication coefficient. The multiplication coefficient of different varieties was ranged from 4.0 to 6.7, and Qiuhongyang was the highest(6.7). Aseptic seedlings were suggested to be subcultured every 50 days, with high multiplication rates for up to 6 rounds of subcultures. The rooted plantlets were transplanted to pots containing medium of peat:pond soil=1:2(v/v) during May to July, and the survival rate of transplanted plants was higher than 83.9%. Based on these results, using this in vitro propagation system, it is estimated that 1 465 seedlings be developed from a single lotus seed within one year. This study has established a rapid in vitro propagation system for lotus, which provides the basis for the factory scale production of lotus plantlets.

关 键 词：莲 无菌苗 快速繁殖 植株再生 

分 类 号：S682.32[农业科学—观赏园艺]