生石灰类处理对川芎5种重金属含量及产量和品质的影响研究  

Improvement effects for the content of five heavy metals,the yield,and quality of Chuanxiong Rhizoma via quicklime treatments

作　　者：张德林[1] 喻文 王梅 任敏 苟琰 刘薇[1] 李敏[1] ZHANG De-lin;YU Wen;WANG Mei;REN Min;GOU Yan;LIU Wei;LI Min(Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicinal Materials,Ministry of Education,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China;Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Group Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610015,China;Sichuan Institute for Drug Control,Chengdu 611731,China)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学,中药材标准化教育部重点实验室,成都611137 [2]四川省中药材集团有限责任公司,成都610015 [3]四川省药品检验研究院,成都611731

出　　处：《天然产物研究与开发》2021年第11期1925-1935,共11页Natural Product Research and Development

基　　金：国家科技部中药现代化重点专项(2017YFC1701800);四川省科技厅科技计划项目(2018SZ005);四川省科技厅科技计划项目(2020YFS0303);成都中医药大学“杏林学者”提升计划(CXTD2018016)。

摘　　要：探究生石灰类处理对川芎药材重金属含量、产量及质量的影响,筛选适宜的降低川芎重金属含量的方法。在川芎主产区(眉山、彭州)开展大田试验,采收期采收样品,采用微波消解-ICP-MS法测定5种重金属含量;采用药典方法分析浸出物和挥发油;采用HPLC和UPLC法测定6种药效成分含量;利用多元统计分析方法进行差异比较。结果表明,T-1(生石灰6.67 kg/hm^(2))、T-2(生石灰6.67 kg/hm^(2)+磷酸二氢钾1.33 kg/hm^(2))、T-3(生石灰6.67 kg/hm^(2)+淀粉6.67 kg/hm^(2))处理能显著降低川芎Cd含量;T-5(生石灰6.67 kg/hm^(2)+磷酸二氢钾1.33 kg/hm^(2)+淀粉6.67 kg/hm^(2))、T-6(生石灰6.67 kg/hm^(2)+磷酸二氢钾1.33 kg/hm^(2)+聚丙烯酸钠10 kg/hm^(2)+活性炭10 kg/hm^(2))处理能显著降低川芎Pb含量;T-2、T-6处理能显著降低川芎As含量;生石灰类处理后,川芎药材增产0.93%~39.03%,彭州川芎洋川芎内酯A和阿魏酸松柏酯以及眉山川芎阿魏酸和绿原酸的含量不同程度降低,T-2处理能显著增加醇溶性浸出物和洋川芎内酯I含量。相关分析和聚类分析显示,产地和处理方式均对各指标有影响。综合考虑降低重金属效果(主要是Cd)、药材产量及质量,T-1、T-2可作为彭州、眉山川芎生产中降低重金属的方法,T-3、T-4(生石灰6.67 kg/hm^(2)+聚丙烯酸钠10 kg/hm^(2))可分别作为眉山、彭州川芎生产中降低重金属的方法。上述方法的应用可保障川芎药材产量并有效降低药材Cd含量,提高药材安全性,为优质绿色川芎的生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。As it seeks to screen suitable methods for reducing the heavy metal content in Chuanxiong Rhizoma(CX),CX,the object of this study,which was treated by quicklime single or combined,has been studied on the contents of five heavy metals,the yield,and quality.Field experiments were carried out in CX s main producing areas,Pengzhou and Meishan.The samples were collected during the harvest time.The contents of five heavy metals were determined by microwave digestion-ICP-MS.The extracts and volatile oils were analyzed by the pharmacopeia method.The contents of six effective components were determined by HPLC and UPLC.The differences among each index were compared by multivariate statistical analysis.The results are as follows:T-1(quicklime 6.67 kg/hm^(2)),T-2(quicklime 6.67 kg/hm^(2)+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.33 kg/hm^(2)),and T-3(quicklime 6.67 kg/hm^(2)+starch 6.67 kg/hm^(2))can significantly reduce the Cd content of CX.T-5(quicklime 6.67 kg/hm^(2)+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.33 kg/hm^(2)+starch 6.67 kg/hm^(2))and T-6(quicklime 6.67 kg/hm^(2)+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.33 kg/hm^(2)+sodium polyacrylate 10 kg/hm^(2)+activated carbon 10 kg/hm^(2))can significantly reduce the Pb content of CX.T-2 and T-6 can significantly reduce the As content of CX.In addition,T-2 can significantly increase the content of alcohol-soluble extract and ligustilide I.On the whole,the yield of CX increased by 0.93%-39.03%via quicklime single or combined treatments.Nevertheless,the contents of senkyunolide A,coniferyl ferulate in Pengzhou CX,and the contents of ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid in Meishan CX were reduced to different degrees.Both the sampling locality and quicklime treatment method influence each index drawn by correlation analysis and cluster analysis.Committed to improvement effects for the contents of five heavy metals,the yield and quality of CX,T-1 and T-2 can be used to reduce heavy metal contents in CX,which grow in Pengzhou or Meishan.T-3 can be used to reduce heavy metal contents in CX,which grow in

关 键 词：川芎 生石灰 重金属 镉 质量 多元统计分析 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]