测绘遥感能为智能驾驶做什么?  

What can surveying and remote sensing do for intelligent driving?

作　　者：李德仁[1,2] 洪勇 王密 唐炉亮[1] 陈亮 LI Deren;HONG Yong;WANG Mi;TANG Luliang;CHEN Liang(State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan 430079, China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430079 [2]地球空间信息技术协同创新中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《测绘学报》2021年第11期1421-1431,共11页Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica

基　　金：中国工程科技发展战略湖北研究院咨询项目(HB2020B12);湖北省自然科学基金(2020CFA001);湖北省重点研发计划(2020BIB006)。

摘　　要：从自动驾驶汽车到智能汽车,再到智能网联汽车,智能驾驶汽车技术及产业的快速发展,测绘与遥感技术起到了重要的支撑作用。本文首先介绍了国内外智能驾驶汽车的进展及其与常规汽车的区别,基于科学技术发展3次重要浪潮的视角,对比分析和归纳了自动驾驶与测绘遥感的发展历程及其核心技术驱动力。然后从顶层规划与政策环境、环境感知与计算决策车辆关键技术、高精地图与导航定位基础支撑关键技术、车路协同信息交互关键技术4个方面,对智能驾驶汽车的关键技术进行了介绍。以星基导航增强、高精度位置和姿态测量、多源融合感知等多项导航定位先进技术成果为实例,论证了测绘导航赋能单车智能驾驶;通过介绍移动测量与众包高精地图制作技术,阐述了测绘遥感对智能驾驶的关键支撑作用;以天基信息实时服务系统(PNTRC)建设为例,描述了测绘遥感未来将服务智能网联汽车“人-车-路-云”的发展趋势。最后总结分析了智能驾驶发展尚需解决的问题以及测绘遥感近期需要应对的挑战。From the automatic driving vehicle to the intelligent vehicle,and then to intelligent connected vehicle,the intelligent driving vehicle technology and industry has developed rapidly,surveying and remote sensing technology have played an important supporting role.Firstly,this paper introduces the development of intelligent vehicles at home and abroad and their differences from conventional vehicles.Based on the perspective of three important waves of scientific and technological development,this paper comparatively analyzes and summarizes the development process and core technology driving forces of autonomous driving and surveying remote sensing.The intelligent driving vehicle’s key technologies are then introduced from four aspects:top-level planning and policy environment,environment perception and computing decision-making vehicle key technology,high definition map and navigation positioning basic support key technology,and vehicle road collaborative information interaction key technology.Several advanced navigation and positioning technology achievements,such as satellite-based navigation enhancement,high precision position and attitude measurement,multi-source fusion perception,are taken as examples to demonstrate that surveying and mapping can enable intelligent driving of a single car.By introducing mobile measurement and crowdsourcing high precision map-making technology,the key supporting role of surveying and remote sensing for intelligent driving is expounded.This paper takes the construction of space-based information real-time service system as an example to describe the development trend of how surveying,mapping,and remote sensing will serve the“person vehicle road cloud”of intelligent connected vehicles in the future.Finally,the paper summarizes and analyzes the problems that need to be solved in developing intelligent(connected)vehicles and the challenges that need to be addressed in the near future.

关 键 词：智能网联汽车 测绘 遥感 高精地图 导航定位 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]