业主大会主体地位取得的现实基础和规范进路  

The Realistic Basis and Normative Design of the Acquisition of the Civil Subject Status of the Owners’Assembly

作　　者：董媛媛 DONG Yuan-yuan(School of Law, Yantai University, Yantai264005, China)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学法学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《河南科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第6期73-80,102,共9页Journal of Henan University of Science & Technology(Social science)

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(19AFX012);烟台大学研究生科技创新“重点项目”基金(YDZD2133)。

摘　　要：我国法中“业主大会”同时包含组织体和意思机关两种含义,保留此种用法时必须予以区分。业主大会和业委会的主体地位缺少中央立法,地方立法有所突破,司法解释和审判实践在其是否享有主体地位及认定标准上颇具分歧。比较法中业主大会法人化并非立法趋势而是对二元民事主体体系的妥协,主体选择应包括非法人组织。业委会作为执行机关不能取得主体地位。业主大会取得诉讼地位的前提是享有民事主体地位,其作为组织体以业主大会之名称承载业主共同意志,对外表现为组织的单一意志,具备民事主体的基本要素,具有成为主体之潜力。未来应在特别法中明确其主体地位取得之规范,即主体类型取决于成员合意,在符合法定同意比例、登记及法人或非法人组织要件后方取得主体资格。“Owners’assembly”is used as the titles of an organization and a will body in Chinese,the two usages should remain to be distinguished by judicial interpretation.There is no stipulation of the civil subject status of the owners’assembly in the central legislation,which on the other hand have some breakthroughs in local legislations.Regarding to the confirmation of its subject status and the criteria of its certification,distinguished statements exist between judicial interpretation and practice.In comparative law,it is not a developmental trend of legalization for owners’assembly to obtain the status of the legal person but a compromise to the dualism of the civil subject;therefore an unincorporated organization is supposed to be included in the choices of subject.However,as an executive body,the owners’committee cannot be a civil subject.Obtaining the status of the civil subject is the prerequisite for enjoying the status of the proceeding,and as an organization,the owners’assembly carries the common will of owners in the name of the“owners’assembly”,and externally manifests as the single will of the organization,thus meeting the basic elements of the civil subject and having the potential to become a civil subject.Therefore,norms of obtaining civil subjects’status should be added to the special law to stipulate that the owners’assembly can obtain the status of a legal person or unincorporated organization,which depends on the consensus of the members,only after meeting the requirement of the statutory percentage of owners’consents,registration,and elements of civil subjects.

关 键 词：业主大会 民事主体地位 法人 非法人组织 业主委员会 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]