林下栽培多花黄精的形态及光合特性比较  

Comparison of the Morphology and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua under Forest Cultivation

作　　者：贺安娜 郭圣军 刘湘韩 伍贤进 李胜华 何述金 HE Anna;GUO Shengjun;LIU Xianghan;WU Xianjin;LI Shenghua;HE Shujin(College of Biological and Food Engineering,Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province,Key Laboratory of Xiangxi Medicinal Plant and Ethnobotany of Hunan Higher Education,Huaihua Universty,Huaihua 418000,China;Xinhui Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd,Changsha 410200,China)

机构地区：[1]怀化学院生物与食品工程学院,民族药用植物资源研究与利用湖南省重点实验室,湘西药用植物与民族植物学湖南省高校重点实验室,湖南怀化418008 [2]湖南新汇制药股份有限公司,湖南长沙410200

出　　处：《湖南生态科学学报》2021年第4期8-14,共7页Journal of Hunan Ecological Science

基　　金：湖南省科技厅项目(2019XP5077);湖南省教育厅创新平台开放基金项目(19K071);生物工程湖南省“双一流”学科建设经费。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同林木类型下多花黄精的形态和生理特性,为多花黄精林下栽培模式的选择和优化提供依据。【方法】采用LI-6400便携式光合仪测定了田间(透光率100%)、杉木林(透光率40%)、楠竹林(透光率10%)下栽培的多花黄精光合特性,并比较了形态特征和叶绿素含量。【结果】三种栽培环境中,多花黄精都能顺利开花结果,在郁蔽环境中可通过增加株高、叶面积、叶绿素含量等方式捕获光量子,并降低气孔密度减少水分的蒸腾,提高水分利用率。杉木林下栽培的多花黄精株叶比例合适,叶绿素含量适中,光响应曲线整体最高,拟合所得最大净光合速率也最高,为8.124µmol/(m2·s);楠竹林下栽培组的多花黄精叶面积、总叶绿素含量最高,分别为47.5 cm2及3.053 mg/g·FW,表观量子效率及光补偿点最低,对弱光的利用能力变强。【结论】多花黄精对弱光的适应能力非常强,透光率极低不便砍伐的密林也能生长,但不同林下的透光率对多花黄精块茎重量及药用成分含量的影响有待进一步研究。【Objective】The morphological and physiological characteristics of Polygonatum cyrtone⁃ma Hua under different forest types were studied to provide a basis for the selection and optimization of the cultivation under forest model of P.cyrtonema Hua.【Method】The photosynthetic characteristics of P.cyrtonema Hua grown in fields(100%light transmittance),fir forests(40%light transmittance)and bam⁃boo forests(10%light transmittance)were measured by the LI-6400 portable photosynthesis instrument.The morphological characteristics and chlorophyll content were compared.【Result】P.cyrtonema Hua could bloom and bear fruit smoothly in the three cultivation environments.Plant height,leaf area and chlorophyll content of P.cyrtonema Hua were increased,which could capture light quantum in canopy en⁃vironment and reduce the stomata density to cut down water transpiration,and improve water use efficien⁃cy.The proper plant-leaf ratio,moderate chlorophyll content,and the highest overall light response curve with the highest net photosynthetic rate obtained 8.124µmol/(m2·s)by fitting of P.cyrtonema Hua under fir forest.The leaf area and total chlorophyll content of P.cyrtonema Hua were the highest under bamboo forests,which were 47.5 cm2 and 3.053 mg/g·FW,respectively.【Conclusion】P.cyrtonema Hua is very adaptable to low light and can grow in dense forests with very low light transmittance and inconvenient logging.However,the influences of light transmittance under different forests on the weight of P.cyrtone⁃ma Hua tuber and the content of medicinal ingredients need further study.

关 键 词：多花黄精 林下栽培 形态特征 光合特性 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]