超稠油组合油嘴放喷装置的研究与应用  

Study and Application of Blowoff Device with Combined Nozzle for Ultra-Heavy Oil Well

作　　者：高忠敏[1] 杨波[1] 陈伟东[1] Gao Zhongmin;Yang Bo;Chen Weidong(PetroChina Liaohe Oilfield Company,Panjin,Liaoning 124109,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油辽河油田分公司,辽宁盘锦124109

出　　处：《特种油气藏》2021年第5期168-174,共7页Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“大型油气田及煤层气开发”子项目“辽河、新疆稠油/超稠油开发技术示范工程”(2016ZX05-055)国家专利:用于稠油井放喷准确控制日产量的组合油嘴装置:中国,103334730B,2016-01-06。

摘　　要：超稠油井放喷采用五级油嘴控制放喷产液量,在调换油嘴前后,产液量会发生大幅波动,并且随着含水下降,油液黏度增大,经常出现放喷“假死”现象,影响油井放喷时效及下泵时机。为此,研制了组合油嘴放喷装置。该装置设计了异形过流口和柱形阀芯,异形过流口通过前、中、后3段不同曲率的设计,过流面积可与放喷平稳期、急速期、缓速期的放喷量相适应;通过异形过流口与柱形阀芯配合,阀门开度与放喷量线性匹配,实现放喷量的无级平滑调节;通过优化设计异形过流口位置,降低放喷时井口能量损失。该技术在辽河油田现场应用113井次,累计缩短放喷时间4123.0 h。该技术可对超稠油井放喷制度的优化提供参考。Five-stage nozzle is used to control the blowoff rate of fluids produced in the ultra-heavy oil wells.The fluid production rate fluctuates greatly before and after nozzle replacement,and as water content decreases,the viscosity of oil increases,the blowoff may be suspended,which affects the specific time for oil well blowoff and the time to run in pump.For this purpose,a blowoff technology with combined nozzle was developed.The technology was designed with special shaped overflow outlet and cylindrical spool.The special shaped overflow outlet was designed with different curvatures in the front,middle and rear sections,and the overflow area could be adapted to the blowoff rate in smooth,rapid and slow periods.The valve opening was linearly matched to the blowoff rate by matching the special shaped overflow outlet with the cylindrical spool to achieve smooth stepless adjustment of the blowoff rate.The energy loss of wellhead during blowoff could be reduced by optimizing the position of special shaped overflow outlet.The technology has been applied 113 times on site in Liaohe Oilfield,cumulatively reducing the total blowoff time by 4123.0h.The technology can be used as a reference for optimizing the blowoff system in ultra-heavy oil wells.

关 键 词：超稠油 放喷 油嘴 异形过流口 蒸汽吞吐 

分 类 号：TE355.5[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]