补饲精料对冷季放牧牦牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及菌群结构的影响  

Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on Growth Performance,Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Community Structure of Grazing Yaks in Cold Season

作　　者：王书祥 戴东文 杨英魁 王迅[1,2,3] 柴沙驼 WANG Shuxiang;DAI Dongwen;YANG Yingkui;WANG Xun;CHAI Shatuo(Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences in Qinghai University,Xi’ning 810016,China;Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Xi’ning 810016,China;Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province,Xi’ning 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,西宁810016 [2]青海省高原放牧家畜营养与饲料科学重点实验室,西宁810016 [3]青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,西宁810016

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第11期6266-6276,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0502301);青海省科技厅项目(2020-ZJ-974Q)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究补饲精料对冷季放牧牦牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及菌群结构的影响。选取3周岁左右、体重[(204.90±10.65)kg]相近、体况良好的公牦牛24头,随机分为2组,每组12头。所有试验牦牛在同一草场放牧,对照组不进行补饲,试验组每天每头的精料补饲量为体重的1.2%。预试期为10 d,正试期为90 d。结果表明:1)试验组平均日增重极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。2)试验组瘤胃液氨态氮、总挥发性脂肪酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸和异戊酸浓度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),微生物蛋白和乙酸浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而pH和乙酸/丙酸值显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3)2组共检测到2945个操作分类单元(OTU),其中共有OTU数目为2099个,占总OTU数目的79.90%,对照组和试验组分别独有528和316个OTU,试验组Shannon指数和谱系多样性显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。4)在门水平上,试验组瘤胃中拟杆菌门和放线菌门丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),疣微菌门和螺旋体门丰度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而厚壁菌门丰度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),黏胶球形菌门和纤维杆菌门丰度极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。在属水平上,试验组瘤胃中普雷沃菌属_1和瘤胃球菌科_NK4A214丰度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),克里斯滕森菌科_R-和解琥珀酸菌属丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,冷季补饲精料能提高放牧牦牛的生长性能,促进瘤胃发酵,降低瘤胃菌群的多样性与丰富度。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of concentrate supplementation on growth performance,rumen fermentation and microbial community structure of grazing yaks in the cold season.Twenty-four three-year-old male yaks with good body condition and similar body weight[(204.90±10.65)kg]were randomly divided into two groups(n=12).All yaks grazed in the same pasture.The yaks in control group only grazed without supplementary feeding,while the yaks in test group received 1.2%of body weight of daily concentrate supplementation per yak.The pre-experimental period lasted for 10 days,and the experimental period lasted for 90 days.The results showed as follows:1)the average daily gain of the test group was extremely significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01).2)The concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen,total volatile fatty acids,propionic acid,butyric acid,isobutyric acid,valeric acid and isovaleric acid in rumen fluid of the test group were extremely significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.01),and the concentrations of microbial protein and acetic acid were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),while the pH and acetic acid/propionic acid value were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).3)A total of 2945 operational taxonomic unit(OTU)were detected,of which 2099 OTU were shared by the two groups,accounting for 79.90%of the total OTU,the control group possessed 528 unique OTU,while the test group had 316 unique OTU.Shannon index and PD whole tree of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).4)At the phylum level,the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were significantly higher in rumen of the test group than those of the control group(P<0.05),the abundances of Verrucomicrobia and Spirochaete were extremely significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.01),while the abundance of Firmicutes was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).At the genus

关 键 词：牦牛 放牧补饲 生长性能 瘤胃发酵 菌群结构 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]