新生荷斯坦犊牛后肠道微生物母源传递特征的研究  

Study on Maternal Transmission Characteristics of Hindgut Microorganism in Newborn Holstein Calves

作　　者：杨敏娜 朱焕 高伟星 曲永利[1] YANG Minna;ZHU Huan;GAO Weixing;QU Yongli(College of Animal Science and Technology,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163000,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院,大庆163000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第11期6445-6451,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32072758)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探讨新生荷斯坦犊牛后肠道微生物区系的母体来源。利用16S rDNA扩增子测序技术分析6对荷斯坦母牛的胎盘、脐带、羊水、初乳、粪便和犊牛胎粪的微生物区系特征,结合SourceTracker方法研究母牛不同部位微生物对犊牛后肠道菌群的定植贡献。结果表明:所有样本类型都有特异性操作分类单元(OTU)。羊水和初乳、胎盘和脐带微生物区系结构相似;母牛粪便和犊牛胎粪具有独特的微生物区系。母牛的胎盘、脐带、羊水、初乳和粪便中的微生物均是新生犊牛胎粪微生物的主要来源,按贡献比例由高到低依次为脐带(23.45%)、胎盘(16.35%)、初乳(14.29%)、羊水(11.45%)、母牛粪便(9.93%)。本试验证明,围产期母牛胎盘、脐带、羊水、初乳和粪便中的微生物可通过母源传递方式在犊牛肠道中进行定植,其中脐带微生物对胎粪微生物的定植贡献最大。犊牛胎粪中还有许多未知来源且相对贡献度(24.53%)较高的微生物。The purpose of this experiment was conducted to investigate the maternal origin of hindgut microorganism of newborn Holstein calves.The microflora characteristics of placenta,umbilical cord,amniotic fluid,colostrum,feces of cows and meconium of calves of 6 pairs of Holstein cows were analyzed by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing technology.The contribution of microflora from different parts of cows to the colonization of hindgut microorganism of calves was studied by SourceTracker method.The results showed that all sample types had specific operational taxonomic unit(OTU).The microflora of amniotic fluid and colostrum,placenta and umbilical cord were similar;cow feces and calf meconium had unique microflora.The microflora in placenta,umbilical cord,amniotic fluid,colostrum and feces of cows were the main sources of meconial microflora of newborn calves,and the contribution proportion was as follows:umbilical cord(23.45%),placenta(16.35%),colostrum(14.29%),amniotic fluid(11.45%)and cow feces(9.93%)in descending order.The results indicate that the microorganism in placenta,umbilical cord,amniotic fluid,colostrum and feces of perinatal cows can colonize the intestinal tract of calves by means of maternal transmission,and the umbilical cord microorganism contributes the most to the colonization of meconium microorganism.There are many microbiota of unknown origin with high relative contribution(24.53%)in calf meconium which need to be further studied.

关 键 词：荷斯坦母牛 犊牛 胎粪 脐带 微生物 母源传递 

分 类 号：S852.6[农业科学—基础兽医学]