不同营养水平饲粮对热应激条件下育肥荷斯坦阉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及血液参数的影响  

Effects of Diets with Different Nutrient Levels on Growth Performance,Rumen Fermentation and Blood Parameters of Fattening Holstein Steers under Heat Stress Conditions

作　　者：高朝煜 王晶晶 邱清华[1] 祝仰祥 邱鑫君 曹兵海[1] 苏华维[1] GAO Chaoyu;WANG Jingjing;QIU Qinghua;ZHU Yangxiang;QIU Xinjun;CAO Binghai;SU Huawei(College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第11期6555-6571,共17页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD05018000);宁夏自治区重点研发计划项目(2017BY078);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究不同营养水平饲粮对热应激条件下育肥荷斯坦阉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵、血液参数的影响。选取10头体重为(705.6±34.1)kg的20月龄荷斯坦阉牛,按照随机区组设计平均分为2组,分别饲喂总可消化养分(TDN)为78%、粗蛋白质(CP)含量为12%的高营养水平饲粮和TDN为73%、CP含量为11%的低营养水平饲粮。预试期15 d,正试期90 d。试验全期牛舍平均温湿度指数(THI)为74.42,表明试验牛已经产生了热应激。结果显示:1)试验全期,高营养水平组试验牛的干物质采食量(DMI)显著低于低营养水平组(P<0.05),而平均日增重(ADG)与饲料转化效率(FCR)在数值上均优于低营养水平组;在第60~90天,高营养水平组试验牛中性洗涤纤维(NDF)与酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率显著低于低营养水平组(P<0.05)。2)在第15天,高营养水平组试验牛瘤胃液中丁酸和异戊酸浓度显著高于低营养水平组(P<0.05);在第30天,高营养水平组瘤胃液中异戊酸浓度极显著高于低营养水平组(P<0.01);在第75天,高营养水平组瘤胃液中乙酸/丙酸的值显著低于低营养水平组(P<0.05);在第90天,高营养水平组瘤胃液中丙酸和戊酸浓度显著或极显著高于低营养水平组(P<0.05或P<0.01),乙酸/丙酸的值显著低于低营养水平组(P<0.05)。3)在第90天,高营养水平组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著低于低营养水平组(P<0.05);在第45天,高营养水平组血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著低于低营养水平组(P<0.05)。综上所述,提高饲粮的营养水平降低了热应激条件下育肥荷斯坦阉牛的DMI,促进了瘤胃中的丙酸发酵,并在一定程度上缓解了氧化应激对机体的损伤。This experiment aimed to explore the effects of diets with different nutrient levels on the growth performance,rumen fermentation and blood parameters of fattening Holstein steers under heat stress conditions.Ten 20-month-old Holstein steers weighing(705.6±34.1)kg were selected and divided into two groups according to the random block design,and they in the 2 group were fed a high nutrient level diet with 78%total digestible nutrients(TDN)and 2%crude protein(CP)and a low nutrient level diet with 73%TDN and 11%CP,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 15 days,and the test period lasted for 90 days.During the entire test period,the average temperature and humidity index(THI)of the barn was 74.42,indicating that the test cattle had already developed heat stress.The results showed as follows:1)during the whole test period,the dry matter intake(DMI)of the high nutrient level group was significantly lower than that of the low nutrient level group(P<0.05),the average daily gain(ADG)and feed conversion efficiency(FCR)were numerically better than those of the low-nutrition group;during the days 60 to 90,the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)of the high nutrient level group was significantly lower than that of the low nutrient level group(P<0.05).2)On the 15th day,the concentrations of butyric acid and isovaleric acid in the rumen fluid of the high nutrient level group were significantly higher than those of the low nutrient level group(P<0.05);on the 30th day,the concentration of isovaleric acid in the rumen fluid of the high nutrient level group was extremely significantly higher than that of the low nutrient level group(P<0.01);on the 75th day,the ratio of acetic acid/propionic acid in the rumen fluid of the high nutrient level group was significantly lower than that of the low nutrient level group(P<0.05);on the 90th day,the concentrations of propionic acid and valeric acid in the rumen fluid of the high nutrient level group was significantly higher than that of th

关 键 词：营养水平 荷斯坦阉牛 生长性能 瘤胃发酵 血清生化指标 氧化应激 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]