林草和梯田措施对小流域降雨—径流—输沙过程的影响分析  

Effects of Vegetation and Terraces on"Rainfall-Runoff-Sediment"Process in Small Watersheds

作　　者：白娟 张亦弛 杨胜天[3] 刘晓燕[4] 甘甫平 闫柏琨 郭艺 BAI Juan;ZHANG Yi-chi;YANG Sheng-tian;LIU Xiao-yan;GAN Fu-ping;YAN Bai-kun;GUO Yi(China Aerospace Geophysical and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources,Beijing 100083;Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;Yellow River Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources,Zhengzhou 450004,China)

机构地区：[1]中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心,北京100083 [2]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [4]水利部黄河水利委员会,河南郑州450004

出　　处：《地理与地理信息科学》2021年第6期92-101,共10页Geography and Geo-Information Science

基　　金：自然资源部航空地球物理与遥感地质重点实验室课题(2020YFL22);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402403、2016YFC0402409);国家自然科学基金项目(41801277);中国地质调查局“全国冰川及荒漠化遥感地质调查”项目(DD20190515)。

摘　　要：定量评估林草、梯田的减水减沙作用对黄河流域水土流失防治和生态保护具有重要意义。该文以偏关河偏关水文站以上流域和清涧河子长水文站以上流域为研究区,分别应用改进的分布式LCM-MUSLE坡面水沙联动模型和原模型进行天然时期(1980s)和现状年(2010s)的“降雨—径流—输沙”过程模拟,计算坡面汇流过程中林草、梯田及其耦合措施的减水减沙作用并分析主要影响因素。结果表明:1)改进后模型适用于现状年的径流(输沙)量模拟,可反映下垫面显著变化(坡改梯和植被恢复)对径流、泥沙坡面汇流的影响;2)梯田措施的单位面积径流(输沙)削减量大于林草措施,径流(输沙)削减率显著小于林草措施,且林草和梯田措施的径流(输沙)削减率之和略大于二者耦合的径流(输沙)削减率;3)流域尺度梯田措施下径流(输沙)削减率的影响因素排序为梯田比>梯田集水区与流域面积比>田埂完整度,林草措施下影响因素排序为林草面积比>植被覆盖度>林草减水面积比。Quantitative assessment of the effects of vegetation and terraces on runoff and sediment reduction has great significance to soil erosion governance and ecological protection in the Yellow River basin.Taking the upstream watershed of Pianguan station of Pianguan River and upstream watershed of Zichang station of Qingjian River as the study areas,this paper simulated the process of"rainfall-runoff-sediment"in natural period(1980s)and current period(2010s)using the original and the modified LCM-MUSLE models,respectively.The runoff and sediment reduction effects of vegetation and terraces and their coupling in the routing process of slope confluence were quantified,and the main influencing factors were also analyzed.The results showed that:1)The modified model was suitable for the simulation of runoff and sediment in current years,it could effectively reflect the influence of significant surface change(e.g.,vegetation restoration and slope-to-terracing)on runoff and sediment generation during the overland flow concentration.2)The reduction of runoff(sediment)per unit area of terraces was higher than that of vegetation,but the reduction rate of runoff(sediment)of vegetation was higher than that of terraces.Besides,the sum of runoff(sediment)reduction rates of vegetation and terraces was slightly higher than that of the vegetation and terrace coupling.3)According to the influence degree,the order of factors affecting the reduction rate of runoff(sediment)of terraces is terrace ratio>ratio of terrace catchment area to watershed area>ridge integrity and that of vegetation is vegetation area ratio>vegetation coverage>runoff reduction area ratio by vegetation.

关 键 词：梯田 林草 LCM-MUSLE 等流时线法 清涧河 偏关河 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]